Objective To systematically evaluate the correlation between coffee and risk of endometrial cancer. Methods Such databases as CBM, CNKI, WanFang data, PubMed, EMbase and The Cochrane Library (Issue 5, 2012) were searched to collect the prospective cohort studies about correlation between coffee and endometrial cancer. The retrieval time was by the end of May 2012, and the references of the included literature were also retrieved. Two evaluators independently screened the literature according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, extracted the data, and assessed the quality, and then the statistical analysis was conducted by using Stata 12.0 software. Results A total of 10 cohort studies involving 4 484 patients with endometrial cancer were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that, compared with the women who didn’t drink coffee or drank in the lowest dose, the women who drank coffee in the highest dose had a decreased risk of endometrial cancer (RR=0.69, 95%CI 0.62 to 0.78), same as the women who drank coffee frequently (RR=0.83, 95%CI 0.77 to 0.89). The results of dose-response analysis revealed that, when there was an increase of 2 more cups of coffee per day, there was the risk of endometrial cancer decreased by 12%. Conclusion Drinking coffee frequently (more than 2 cups per day) can decrease the risk of endometrial cancer which can be significantly decreased when drinking in a big dose (more than 5 cups per day).
Objective To investigate the role of adenosine A2A receptor plays in retinal pathological neovascularization in mice. Methods A total of 202 mice were divided into room-air group (n=66) and oxygen induced retinopathy (OIR) group (n=136). Among room-air group, there were 18 A2A knock-out (KO) mice (KO subgroup) and 24 C57BL/6 mice as wide type (wide type subgroup). OIR group were divided into OIR control subgroup (n=48), A2A-OIR subgroup (n=24) and Caffeine-OIR subgroup (n=64). The retinal neovascularization of OIR group was induced by oxygen. The pathological neovascularization was determined by retinal sections. Fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to measure the mRNA expression of A2A and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). 0.1, 0.3, 1.0 g/L Caffeine was dissolve in drinking water of lactating females in Caffeine-OIR subgroup, non-perfusion areas of retina in mice at the age of 0 - 17, 0 - 7, 7- 17, 7-12, and 12- 17 days were analyzed in different dosage and when the dosage as 1.0 g/L. Results Compared with OIR control subgroup, the retinal non-perfusion areas and the numbers of endothelial cell nuclei breaking through the internal limiting membrane in A2A- OIR subgroup were reduced significantly (t=7.694, 7.747;P＜0.001). Compared with wide type subgroup, the level of A2A and VEGF mRNA in OIR control subgroup increased significantly (t=4.036, 2.230;P＜0.05). Compared with OIR control subgroup, the level of VEGF mRNA in A2A- OIR subgroup decreased significantly (t=3.122,P＜0.01). Compared with OIR control subgroup, the retinal non-perfusion areas in mice at the dosage of 0.1 and 1.0 g/L (t=2.397, 4.533) and at the age of 0 -17, 0 -7 days when the dosage as 1.0 g/L (t=4.070, 2.399) were reduced significantly (P＜0.05). Conclusions The expression of adenosine A2A receptor increases in oxygen-induced retinal pathological neovascularization. Adenosine A2A receptor may regulate the expression of VEGF. A2A receptor inactivation can inhibit oxygen-induced retinal pathological neovascularization.
ObjectiveTo systematically review the effectiveness and safety of interventions which target to improve the rate of successful extubation in preterm infants.MethodsPubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Chongqing VIP database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang Database were searched for articles published from the dates of establishment of databases to August 2020, which compared different noninvasive respiratory support models or different doses of caffeine to improve the rate of successful extubation in preterm infants in randomized controlled trials. The references of included articles were also retrieved. And then a meta-analysis was performed by using RevMan 5.3 software.ResultsA total of 33 randomized controlled trials involving 4 536 preterm infants were included. Compared with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP), high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) reduced the nose injury rate [odds ratio (OR)=0.29, 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.15, 0.57), P=0.000 3] and the pneumothorax rate [OR=0.18, 95%CI (0.06, 0.55), P=0.003]; nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) reduced the extubation failure rate [OR=0.33, 95%CI (0.23, 0.48), P<0.000 01], the reintubation rate [OR=0.36, 95%CI (0.20, 0.65), P=0.000 7], the respiratory failure rate [OR=0.33, 95%CI (0.17, 0.64), P=0.000 9], and the pneumothorax rate [OR=0.29, 95%CI (0.12, 0.70), P=0.006]; and biphasic positive airway pressure (BiPAP) reduced the reintubation rate [OR=0.21, 95%CI (0.09, 0.46), P=0.000 1]. Compared with low-dose caffeine, high-dose caffeine reduced the extubation failure rate [OR=0.44, 95%CI (0.32, 0.60), P<0.000 01] and the bronchopulmonary dysplasia rate [OR=0.69, 95%CI (0.48, 0.99), P=0.04], but increased the rate of tachycardia [OR=1.99, 95%CI (1.22, 3.25), P=0.006].ConclusionAccording to the current evidence, compared with NCPAP, NIPPV and BiPAP could be used to improve the rate of successful extubation in preterm infants, HFNC could be used to decrease the risk of nose injury and pneumothorax; the optimal dose of caffeine should be chosen after evaluating the risk of adverse reactions such as tachycardia.