Abstract： Objective To evaluate the effect of 100% carbolic acid via bronchofiberscope for the treatment of bron- chopleural fistula. Methods We retrospectively analyzed clinical data of 12 patients with postoperative bronchopleural fistula in Liaoning Tumor Hospital from February 2009 to March 2012. There were 11 male patients and 1 female patient with their average age of 58.0 （45-71） years. All the patients had primary lung cancer, including squamous cell carcinoma in 8 patients and adenocarcinoma in 4 patients， central lung cancer in 8 patients and peripheral lung cancer in 4 patients. Three patients were after right total pneumonectomy， 6 patients were after left total pneumonectomy， 2 patients were after right middle and lower lobectomy， and 1 patient was after left upper lobectomy. All the patients received 100% carbolic acid instillation via bronchofiberscope， and 0.5-1.0 ml carbolic acid solution was instilled on the mucosal surface around the fistula each time. The presence of bubbles in thoracic drainage was observed. If some bubbles remained, such treatment was repeated after 1 week. The effectiveness was analyzed. Results All the 12 patients were cured after carbolic acid treatment, including 8 patients after 5 times of carbolic acid instillation， 2 patients after 7 times of carbolic acid instillation， and 2 patients after 2 times of carbolic acid instillation. The average time for fistula closure was 33 days. All the patients were treated in our outpatient clinic except 2 patients who were too weak but cured after 42 days and 50 days of hospitalization respectively. Conclusion The use of 100% carbolic acid instillation via bronchofiberscope can provide satisfactory clinical outcomes for the treatment of bronchopleural fistula.