ObjectiveTo investigate the causes of secondary glaucoma after vitrectomy for familial vitreous amyloidosis associated with transthyretin (TTR) gene Gly83Arg mutation.MethodsA retrospective case study. From January 2008 to January 2020, 13 cases (23 eyes) with hereditary vitreous amyloidosis and treated by vitrectomy in the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University were collected. Among them, there were 7 males with 12 eyes and 6 females with 11 eyes. The average age was 43.0±4.8 years. All the affected eyes underwent standard three-channel vitrectomy through the flat part of the ciliary body. According to whether complete vitreous detachment (PVD) was formed during the operation, it was divided into complete PVD group and incomplete PVD group; according to the occurrence time of secondary glaucoma and vitreous amyloidosis after surgery, it was divided into 1-12 months group and 13-36 months group, ＞37 months group. The average follow-up time after surgery was 36.7±6.0 months. The incidence of secondary glaucoma and the recurrence rate of vitreous amyloidosis between groups were compared by χ2 test; the correlation between recurrence of vitreous amyloidosis and secondary glaucoma after surgery was analyzed by Spearman rank correlation analysis.ResultsAmong the 23 eyes, there were 8 eyes in the complete PVD group and 15 eyes in the incomplete PVD group, respectively. Vitreous amyloidosis recurred in 15 eyes (65.22%, 15/23) after surgery. There were 14 (93.30%, 14/15) and 1 (6.70%, 1/15) eyes in the incomplete PVD group and the complete PVD group, respectively; the comparison of the recurrence rate of vitreous amyloidosis between the two groups was statistically significant (χ2=11.676, P＜0.01). 1-12 months group, 13-36 months group, ＞37 months group included 1 (4.35%, 1/23), 12 (52.17%, 12/23), 2 (8.70%, 2/23) Only eye. The recurrence rate in the 13-36 months group was significantly higher than that in the 1-12 months group and ＞37 month group. Secondary glaucoma occurred in 11 eyes (47.80%, 11/23) after surgery. 1-12 months group, 13-36 months group, above 37 months group were 1 (4.35%, 1/23), 8 (34.78%, 8/23), 2 (8.70%, 2/23) eyes. The incidence of secondary glaucoma in the 13-36 months group was higher than that in the 1-12 months group and ＞37 months group. Among 11 eyes with secondary glaucoma, 10 eyes had recurrence of vitreous amyloidosis after surgery, and 1 eye had no recurrence. The results of Spearman rank correlation analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between the recurrence of vitreous amyloidosis and the occurrence of secondary glaucoma (rs=0.516, P=0.012).ConclusionThe incidence of secondary glaucoma after vitrectomy in a family with vitreous amyloidosis caused by the Gly83Arg mutation of TTR gene is higher, and its occurrence is significantly positively correlated with the recurrence of vitreous amyloidosis.