Objective To investigate the effects and the safety of compound anisodine injection on treatment of primary and secondary ischemic optic neuropathy and choroidoretinopathy. Methods A multicentered,random,controlled study was applied on 403 patients,including 217 patients of primary ischemic optic neuropathy and choroidoretinopathy,and 186 patients of secondary ischemic optic neuropathy and choroidoretinopathy.All the patients were assigned into 3 groups randomly:112 patients in control group and treatment group respectively,179 patients in open group.Compound anisodine 2 ml was injected subcutaneously around superficial temporal artery to the patient in treatment and open group once every day,while tolazoline 25 mg was given in the same way to the patient in control group for 21 days.Visual acuity,visual field and fundus condition are examined to evaluate the effects of treatment,and intraocular pressure,blood pressure,electrocardiography,blood and urine routine examination,blood test for renal and liver function are taken to study the safety of the treatment.The main subjects of the control and treatment group before treatment were comparable (Pgt;0.05) Results The difference of effective rate between treatment group (82.14%) and control group (36.61%) was significant (chi;2=48.14,P=0.0000).The effective rate of open group is 80.45%.The effects on both primary and secondary patients in treatment group (87.04% and 77.59%) were better than those in control group (35.19% and 37.93%),and the difference was significant (P=0.0000) .The difference of the results in different centers was not significant according to Ridit analysis.There was few side effect except temporary dry mouth in some patients and the parameters of safety had no significant change before and after treatment. Conclusion Compound anisodine is a safe and effective drug to treat primary and secondary ischemic optic neuropathy and choroidoretinopathy. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,2000,16:71-74)