Objective To explore the surgical techniques, efficacy and the management of complicated ocular trauma with anteriorposterior segment complications such as cyclodialysis.Methods Fifty-five patients (55 eyes) with complicated ocular trauma were enrolled in this study. Among them, there were 35 cases with eyeball contusion and 20 cases of eyeball rupture. Preoperative visual acuity was from no light perception to 0.15, intraocular pressure (IOP) ranged from one to 10 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa）.Cyclodialysis, vitreous hemorrhage or retinal detachment were revealed by B-ultrasound and ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM). Cyclodialysis clefts ranged from one to 12 clockhours. All patients underwent 3-port pars plana vitrectomy with gas/silicone oil tamponade and ciliary body reattachment by cryotherapy (cyclodialysis cleftsle;three clock-hours) or suture fixation (cyclodialysis clefts＞three clockhours). Healing after surgical trauma, visual acuity, intraocular pressure, intraocular hemorrhage, ciliary body and retinal reattachment were followed up.Results In one month after surgery, UBM showed 54 patients out of 55 patients had good ciliary body reattachment. Gonioscopy revealed cyclodialysis still existed in one patient, and this was cured by a second surgical suture fixation. In three months after surgery, ocular trauma healed in all 55 patients, the visual acuity ranged from no light perception to 0.15, with a best corrected visual acuity of 0.8. The ciliary body and retina had good reattachment. IOP of 52 patients was normal; IOP of three patients was still lower than 10 mm Hg. Three patients had secondary glaucoma which was treated by glaucoma surgery. Conclusions Complicated ocular trauma with cyclodialysis can be treated with vitrectomy and cryotherapy or transscleral sutures. The procedure is safe and effective.
Objective To observe the incidence of ciliary detachment and its relationship with intraocular hypotension soon after vitrectomy. Methods A total of 46 eyes of 46 patients who underwent vitrectomy were examined by ultrasound biomicroscope (UBM). The patients were divided into three groups according to different tamponade: gas group (11 eyes), silicone oil group (8 eyes) and balanced saline solution (BSS) group (27 eyes). Basing on the postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP), the patients were divided into two groups: IOPlt; 10 mm Hg (25 eyes) and IOPge;10 mm Hg (21 eyes). UBM was applied to determine the tomographic features of the ciliary body 3 days after the surgery. IOP were monitored by noncontact tonometer daily after the surgery. The eyes with ciliary detachment were then examined once a week till the ciliary detachment reattached. The followup period was from 14 to 35 days. Results After vitrectomy, ciliary detachment was observed in 20 eyes of 46 eyes (43.5%), The incidence of ciliary detachment was 27.3％ in gas group, 25.0％ in silicone oil group, and 55.6％in BSS group. The average IOP in eyes with ciliary detachment ［(6.47plusmn;4.49) mm Hg （1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa）］ was significantly lower than that in the eyes without ciliary detachmen ［(15.61plusmn;7.72) mm Hg］ (t=8.031,Plt;0.001). The incidence of ciliary detachment was higher in eyes with postoperative IOP lt;10 mm Hg (68.0％) than that in the eyes with postoperative IOP ge;10 mm Hg (14.3%) (chi;2＝15.60, Plt;0.001). All eyes with postoperative ciliary detachment got spontaneous reattachment within 30 days after the surgery except that one eye had optic disc edema due to severe intraocular hypotension. Conclusions Early postoperative ciliary detachment is a common complication after vitrectomy. Eyes filled with BSS have the highest incidence of postoperative ciliary detachment. Most of the patients with ciliary detachment may get spontaneous reattahment within 30 days after the surgery.
Objective To probe the significance of application of ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) in the diagnosis and management of the iris and ciliary tumors. Methods UBM (Mode 840, Humphrey, 50 MHz 5 mm×5 mm) was done in 34 cases (35 eyes) of iris and ciliary body tumors, and some of the affected eyes underwent B-scan or Doppler ultrasound and CT scan. Histopathological examination of the resected tumor tissues was performed in 21 eyes of the operation. Results Among this series of 35 eyes with iris and ciliary body tumors detected by UBM, the characteristics of locality and solidity of the tumors, i,e., anterior chamber in plantation cyst, cyst behind the iris, and solid tumors of iris and ciliary body, of 21 eyes undergone surgical treatment revealed the same results both in UBM and histopathological examinations. Conclusion UBM can supply precise informations in diagnosis and treatment of tumors of iris and ciliary body. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2002, 18: 128-130)
Objective To observe the classification,clinical and pathological features of ciliary body tumors. Methods The clinical and pathological data of 11 cases of primary ciliary body tumors were analysed retrospectively. Results By pathological examination,the tumors of these cases were devided into malignant melanoma (2 cases), benign melanocytoma (3 cases),leiomyoma (2 cases), and angio-leiomyoma, neurilemoma, non-special granuloma and medulloepithelioma (1 case respectively). Both of the benign and malignant tumors of ciliary body tended to grow and enlarge progressively. The cardinal clinical manifestations of this series of 11 cases were as follows: elevation of intraocular pressure in 7, local scleral vascular dilatation in 5, secondary exudative retinal detachment in 5,and the signs of anterior uveitis in the early stage of tumor growth in 4. Conclusion The histopathological types of cilliary tumors are manifold,and the tumors are prone to enlarge progressively in developement either in benign or malignant ones, so that the rates of clinical misdiagnosis are relatively high. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2002, 18: 273-275)
The cyclodialysis cleft is a rare disease characterized by ocular hypotony and vision loss. Gonioscopy, ultrasound biomicroscopy and anterior segment optical coherence tomography are used to evaluate the cleft before treatment. The evaluation of cyclodialysis clefts provide a basis for the selection of treatment and the evaluation of effect. Current popular therapeutic approaches for cyclodialysis clefts include medical management, laser photocoagulation, transscleral diathermy, cryotherapy, cyclopexy and so on. Medical treatment is effective in small-size cyclodialysis cleft. But the indications and course of medical treatment remains controversial. Although laser photocoagulation, transscleral diathermy and cryotherapy are effective to treat cyclodialysis clefts in some cases, there are some risks, such as ocular damage, uncertainty about the effect and so on. Cyclopexy is the principal method for cyclodialysis clefts that failed to respond to conservative management, including extraocular cyclopexy, intraocular cyclopexy and cyclopexy under endoscopic. The modified cyclopexy is effective which reduces the surgical risk. For keeping the lens, intraocular cyclopexy and cyclopexy under endoscopic are not suitable. Vitrectomy combined with other method for cyclodialysis is effective for cyclodialysis clefts which combined with serious posterior segment damage.
ObjectiveTo analyze the ultrasonographic features of adenoma of the nonpigmented ciliary epithelium (ANPCE). MethodsA retrospective series of case studies. From January 2014 to October 2021, 31 patients (31 eyes) with ANPCE (ANPCE group) were diagnosed in the eye center of Beijing Tongren Eye Center of Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, and 17 patients (17 eyes) with ciliary body melanoma (control group) diagnosed at the same time were selected as the control group. There was no significant difference in age (t=－0.564) and sex composition ratio (χ2=0.182) between the two groups (P=0.576, 0.670). All patients underwent ultrasound biomicroscopy to obtain the measurement parameters: tumor height, maximum basal diameter, maximum diameter, ratio of maximum diameter to basal diameter and ratio of maximum diameter to height; tumor location, shape, internal echogenicity intensity, echogenicity uniformity, degree of sound attenuation, invasion of iris, anterior displacement of the iris, lens subluxation were observed. The measurement parameters and observation indexes of the two groups were compared by independent sample t-test and χ2 test. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn, area under the ROC curve (AUC) was determined, and parameter indicators with differential diagnosis value were screened. ResultsThe maximum diameter, height, maximum basal diameter, ratio of the maximum diameter to the maximum basal diameter, and the ratio of the maximum diameter to the height of the tumors in the ANPCE group and the control group were 5.64±0.98 mm, 4.24±0.59 mm, 3.66±0.71 mm, 1.58±0.34, 1.34±0.19 and 7.82±2.03 mm, 4.47±2.44 mm, 7.02±1.96 mm, 1.13±0.16, 2.09±1.06. The maximum diameter, the maximum basal diameter, and the ratio of the maximum diameter to the height of the tumor in the ANPCE group were all smaller than those of the control group, and the ratio of the maximum diameter to the maximum basal diameter was greater than that of the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (t=－4.159, －6.808,－2.924, 6.257; P<0.05). The tumors in the ANPCE group were mainly spherical (87.1%, 27/31), with no significant acoustic attenuation (77.4%, 24/31), less invading the root iris (77.4%, 24/31), and the tumors were mostly located in the ciliary body coronal (74.2%, 23/31); tumors in the control group were mainly hemispherical (47.1%, 8/17) or spherical (47.1%, 8/17), with significant sound attenuation (76.5%, 13/17), most of the tumors invaded the iris (70.6%, 12/17), and the tumors were mostly located from the pars plana to the coronal (76.5%, 13/17). There were statistically significant differences in the position, shape, sound attenuation degree, and whether it invaded the iris between the two groups of eyes (χ2=15.132, 19.767, 13.118, 10.581; P<0.05). The results of ROC curve analysis showed that the ratio of the largest diameter to the largest base diameter, the degree of sound attenuation and the AUC of whether the iris was violated were higher, which were 0.881, 0.769, and 0.740, respectively. ConclusionsUltrasound biomicroscopy is helpful in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of ANPCE and ciliary body melanoma. The ratio of maximum diameter to maximum basal diameter, the degree of sound attenuation and whether it invades the root iris are important parameters to distinguish the two tumors.
Ciliary body tumor is a rare intraocular tumor. Due to its unique anatomical location, its correct diagnosis and reasonable treatment are very difficult problems. In terms of diagnosis and differential diagnosis, ophthalmologists need to fully utilize the role of slit lamp microscope and transillumination experiment to capture secondary changes in the anterior segment caused by hidden ciliary body tumors, such as monocular localized cataract, lens indentation, and pigment dissemination, etc. Ophthalmological imaging methods, especially ultrasound biomicroscopy, can achieve the purpose of early detection and early diagnosis. According to the size, location and morphological characteristics of the tumor, a reasonable treatment plan is formulated. Since ciliary body tumors are mostly benign, the recurrence rate of local resection is low, which can satisfy the pathological diagnosis and preserve part of the patient's vision. Therefore, eye-preserving treatment should be advocated. However, enucleation remains the treatment of choice for tumors that are too large to be treated with local excision or radiation, eyes with refractory glaucoma, and tumors that do not respond to radiation therapy.
ObjectiveTo observe the clinical features, treatment and prognosis of ciliary body tumors. MethodsA retrospective clinical study. From November 2011 to March 2023, 8 cases (8 eyes) with ciliary body tumours confirmed by pathohistological examination at the Department of Ocular Oncology, Beijing Tongren Hospital were included in the study. Patients' age, gender, involved eyes, symptoms, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure, cataract, lens subluxation, and imaging manifestations were collected in detail. All affected eyes were treated surgically. The follow-up time after surgery ranged from 1 to 10 years. The patients' clinical presentation as well as imaging, pathohistological features and treatment and prognosis were analysed retrospectively. ResultsAmong 8 cases (8 eyes), there were 3 males (3 eyes) and 5 females (5 eyes), 3 and 5 eyes in the right and left eyes, respectively. The median age was 44 years. Ciliary body medulloepitheliomas, melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma, leiomyoma, schwannoma, and adenoma of the nonpigmcnted ciliary epithelium were in 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, and 1 eyes, respectively. All reported decreased or loss of vision. Cataract, vitreous opacity, red eye and or (ocular pain), retinal detachment, lens subluxation, and secondary glaucoma were 6, 4, 4, 2, 1, and 1 eyes, respectively. Diagnostic imaging was consistent with pathological findings in 3 eyes. The first surgery was performed for enucleation and orbital implantation in 2 eyes, the patients were 9 and 10 years old with medullary epithelioma; the follow-up time after surgery was 1 and 5 years, respectively. Local tumour resection was performed in 6 eyes. Among them, 3 eyes with benign tumours were followed up for 1 to 9 years after surgery; 2 eyes showed significant improvement in visual acuity, 1 eye with adenoma of the nonpigmcnted ciliary epithelium had a preoperative BCVA of finger count/1 m, and a postoperative BCVA of 0.5, and 1 eye with leiomyoma had a preoperative BCVA of 0.06, and a postoperative BCVA of 0.5; and 1 eye was lost to follow-up. Malignant tumour in 3 eyes, of which 2 eyes recurred after surgery. Re-operation for enucleation and local tumour excision combined with local cryotherapy in 2 eyes of recurrence were 1 eye each, respectively. The follow-up period after surgery was 2 and 4 years, respectively. No recurrence after surgery in 1 eye, but there was no significant improvement in visual acuity during follow-up. No recurrence or metastasis was observed in any of the eyes during the follow-up period or at the final follow-up.ConclusionsCiliary body tumour types and clinical presentations are complex and varied; imaging can detect tumours but is poor at determining the nature of the lesion. Benign tumours do well with local excision surgery; malignant tumours do well with enucleation.