Objective To evaluate treatment of the bleeding and prolapse of hemorrhoids by copper ion electrochemistry.Methods All patients suffered from the bleeding and prolapse of internal hemorrhoids or mixed hemorrhoids were included in this study. There were 202 patients in trial group （79 patients with internal hemorrhoids，123 patients with mixed hemorrhoids）. Control group contained 171 cases （64 patients with internal hemorrhoids，107 patients with mixed hemorrhoids）. There were 56 patients with prolapse of inner hemorrhoids or mixed hemorrhoids. Copper ion electrochemistry was performed in trial group. Suppository was used in control group. After the rectum was sterilized, the copper needle was inserted into the hemorrhoid with the depth about 8-15 mm. Then we continued the therapy for 4 minutes and 40 seconds. Other hemorrhoids were treated in the same way. Results The cure rate in trial group with hemorrhoidal bleeding was 98.0%,special virtual rate was 1.50%，virtual rate was 0.5%, inefficiency rate was 0 (U=44.6，Plt;0.001). The cure rate in control group was 11.1%，special virtual rate was 24.6%，virtual rate was 28.1%，inefficiency rate was 36.3%. The cure rate of prolapse group was 48.2%，special virtual rate was 33.9%，virtual rate was 17.9%. The patients didn’t feel uncomfortable and recovered 4 hours later after operation. Conclusion This therapy was safe, effective and simple.
Objective To evaluate the effect of copper-ion on the prol iferation and differentiation of human umbil ical vein endothel ial cell (HUVEC). Methods HUVEC were cultured and passaged in vitro. HUVEC were inoculated into 96-well plate with density of 5 × 103/well. All the cells were divided into 3 groups randomly according to different culture mediums: group A (5 μmol/L CuSO4), group B (25 μmol/L CuSO4), group C (control group). Every group had 4 wells, and the basic culture medium was MCDB131. The cell growth curves of 3 groups were drawn by using MTT. HUVEC were inoculated into 6-well plate with density of 2 × 105/well. Grouping of the cells was the same as the above. The gene expressions of endothel ial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and tyrosine kinase with immunoglobul in-l ike and EGF-l ike domain 1 (Tie-1) were detected by real-time RT-PCR. Results The growth curves revealed that the exponential growth time was the first 3 days, plateau growth time begun on the 4th day. The prol iferation of group A was ber than that of groups B and C from the 3rd day, within 2 days, the prol iferation of group B was ber than that of group C; however, it decreased and was weaker than group C from the 4th day, all showing statistically significant difference (P lt; 0.05). The results of real-time RT-PCR revealed that the expressions of eNOS in groups A, B and C were 7.294 ± 1.488, 0.149 ± 0.044 and 1.000 ± 0.253; and the expressions of Tie-1 in groups A, B and C were 1.481 ± 0.137, 1.131 ± 0.191 and 1.000 ± 0.177. Group A compared with groups B and C, both of 2 genes were up-regulated (P lt; 0.05). Group B compared with group C, eNOS was down-regulated (P lt; 0.05) and the difference of Tie-1 expression was not statistically significant (P gt; 0.05). Conclusion 5 μmol/L copper-ion can promote the prol iferation and differentiation of HUVEC effectively.
To analyze the cl inical effect of retained copper needles well as neoplasm l igation, retained copper needles associated with Pingyangmycin injection and inserted copper needles followed by DC in treating hemangiomaso as to treat hemangioma with copper needles. Methods From January 1999 to January 2006, 55 cases of hemangioma in superficial body were treated with copper needles, including 28 males and 27 females and aging 3-50 years(median 19 years). There were 42 cases of cavernous hemangiomas, 4 cases of racemose hemangiomas and 9 cases of multipl icate hemangiomas. The size ranged from 6 cm × 4 cm to 40 cm × 25 cm. Retaining copper needles were used in 29 cases, retaining copper needles with l igating neoplasm in 21 cases, retaining copper needles associated with Pingyangmycin injection in 3 cases and inserting copper needles followed by DC in 2 cases. Results Fifty cases were treated with copper needles only once and 5 cases twice. All cases were followed up for three to eighteen months. According to Wang Yongjie’s criterion, 15 (27.3%) cases were cured, 38 (69.1%) improved, and 2（3.6%）failed to respond; the response rate was 96.4% (53). Conclusion Copper needle is efffective for treating hemangioma in superficial body. Retaining copper needles with l igation neoplasm or with Pingyangmycin injection can achieve better effect.
To study the variations of l ipid peroxidation products and copper, zinc-superoxide dismutase(CuZn-SOD) in pathological scars (hypertrophic scars and keloids). Methods The specimens were gained from patients of voluntary contributions from May 2005 to August 2005. The tissues of hypertrophic scar (10 cases, aged 16-35 years, the mean course of disease was 2.2 years), keloid (10 cases, aged 17-32 years, the mean course of disease was 8 months) and normal skin (8 cases, aged 16-34 years) were obtained. The content of malonaldehyde (MDA)and CuZn-SOD activity were detected by spectrophotometric method. The expression of CuZn-SOD was evaluated by immunohistochemistry technique. Results The contents of MDA and CuZn-SOD activity were significantly higher in hypertrophic scars[MDA (1.139 0 ± 0.106 7)nmoL/mg prot, CuZn-SOD (31.65 ± 2.21)U/mg prot, (P lt; 0.05)]and keloids[MDA (1.190 0 ± 0.074 8)nmoL/ mg prot, CuZn-SOD (34.36 ± 5.01)U/mg prot (P lt; 0.05)] than those of normal skin tissues [MDA (0.821 3 ± 0.086 4)nmoL/mg prot, CuZn-SOD (20.60 ± 5.56)U/mg prot]. Immunohistochemical studies indicated that the brown particles were CuZn-SOD positive signals, which mainly located cytoplasm in normal skin tissues, hypertrophic scars as well as keloids epidermal keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts. CuZn-SOD expression evaluation in hypertrophic scars (4.14 ± 0.90, P lt; 0.05) and keloids epidermal keratinocytes (4.43 ± 0.79, P lt; 0.05) markedly increased when compared with normal skin tissues (2.20 ± 0.45). The expression of CuZn-SODin hypertrophic scars (4.00 ± 0.82, P lt; 0.05) and keloids dermal fibroblasts (4.43 ± 0.53, P lt; 0.05) were significantly higher than that of normal skin tissues (1.60 ± 0.89). There were no differences in the content of MDA, CuZn-SOD activity and expression evaluation between hypertrophic scars and keloids (P gt; 0.05). Conclusion In pathological scars, the contents of MDA and CuZn-SOD activity increase and the expressions of CuZn-SOD are enlarged.
Objective To explore the changes in the serum Cu2+and the indexes for the liver pathology and biochemistry before and after the copper needle retained in the central veins of the rabbit ears. Methods Fortynine New Zealandrabbits were randomly divided into 5 groups: Group A (copper needles retained for 1 d), Group B (3 d), Group C (5 d), Group D (7 d), and Group E (the control group, without any copper needles retained). In each experimental group, there were 10 rabbits, and in the control group there were 9 rabbits. The rabbits in each group were arranged to have their venous blood drawn for determination of theCu2+concentration, and for observation on the changes in the liver biochemicalindexes for 5 times before and after the copper needles were retained in the central veins of the rabbit ears. At the same time, a piece of the liver tissue ineach rabbit was taken for examination of the pathological changes. All the liver samples were given the basic pathological examination; if the liver sample hadsome extraordinary pathological features, the specific pathological examinationwould be given, even using the transmission electron microscope. Results After the copper needles were retained in the central veins of the rabbit ears, the Cu2+concentration increased with the passing time. The concentrations in the groups were 1.40±0.49 μg/ml in Group A, 1.45±0.53 μg/ml in Group B, 2.01±0.40 μg/ml in Group C, 2.38±0.83 μg/ml in Group D, and 1.34±0.45 μg/mlin Group E, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between Group D and Group E(P＜0.05). There were no significant changes in the ALT and AST levels when compared with those before the copper needles were retained(P＞0.05); however, there was a considerably positive correlation on 1st day (r=0.686, P＜0.05), 5th day (r=0.712, P＜0.05), and 7th day (r=0.768, P＜0.01) when compared with those after the copper needles were retained. The histological examination showed that aseptic inflammation subsided with the time in part of the liver. The Masson staining and the Ag staining showed that there were no obvious changes in the hepatic lobules, with no fibrosis of the liver tissues found under light microscope. Conclusion There are no obvious toxic and side effects on the rabbit liver after the copper needles are retained in its central veins.
OBJECTIVE To investigate the mechanism of electrothrombosis by copper needle, in order to supply the referential data for clinical treatment of vessel deformity. METHODS The mechanism and condition of thrombus formation by copper needle were studied in vivo and in vitro using electrophysics, atom absorption spectrophtometry, histological, and histochemical methods. RESULTS Great deal of copper ion was dissociated, and agglutination of red blood cells(RBC) in blood could be observed in vitro after the current applied by copper needles. Formation of stable thrombus was related to voltage and time of application of electric current. CONCLUSION Dissociation of copper ion and agglutination of RBC are the basic principle of electrothrombosis with copper needle. A 4V direct current and 17.5 minutes are the safe and effective conditions for thrombus formation in the blood vessels.
Cuproptosis, recently defined as a unique form of cell death distinct from programmed cell death, is triggered by copper overload within mitochondria. Genes associated with cuproptosis have been found to correlate with tumorigenesis and tumor progression, making the targeting of cuproptosis pathways a promising direction for anti-tumor therapies. Copper ion carriers can transport copper ions into cells, inducing cuproptosis and laying the foundation for its application in cancer treatment. This article elaborates on the homeostasis of copper and the mechanisms related to cuproptosis, further clarifying the relationship between cuproptosis and lung cancer treatment targets. This review aims to summarize current progress in research related to cuproptosis and lung cancer, providing new theories and bases for the clinical treatment of lung cancer.