ObjectiveTo explore the influence of 3D printing assisting educational intervention on the anxiety and sleep outcomes in the patients with trauma. MethodA total of 40 patients were selected between October 2014 and June 2015. The patients were randomly divided into the intervention group and control group with 20 patients in each. The outcomes from admitted to the 7th day after the surgery were evaluated, including visual analogue scale (VAS) scores, state-trait anxiety inventory (STAI) score, Likert score, and the condition of anxiety, pain, and sleep outcomes. ResultsThe differences in VAS scores, STAI scores, and Likert scores between the two groups were significant (P<0.05). Conclusions3D printing assisting educational intervention is a useful intervention that can improve post-operative outcomes for the patients with trauma.
ObjectiveTo explore clinical value of 3D printing technology in hepatic resection. MethodsFrom March to May 2015, multidetector-row computed tomography images of 12 patients, including hepatic carcinoma in 6, hepatic hemangioma in 3, intra-and extra-hepatic bile duct stones in 3, were used for 3D hepatic reconstruction, the final segmentation data were converted to stereolithography files for 3D printing, 50%-70% scale of the full-sized liver model was fabricated by polylactic acid to be used to analyze its anatomical structure, design surgical planning, select the optimal operative route and simulate hepatic resection. Hepatic resection was performed by referring to the 3D printing model. ResultsThe hepatic resections were successful without complications by referring to the preoperative 3D printing models, the average blood loss was 340(100-1000) mL. ConclusionHepatic resection is more accurate and safe by 3D printing technology.
ObjectiveTo review the current research status of in situ three-dimensional (3-D) printing technique and future trends. MethodsRecent related literature about in situ 3-D printing technique was summarized, reviewed, and analyzed. ResultsBased on the cl inical need for surgical repair, in situ 3-D printing technique is in the preliminary study, mainly focuses on in situ dermal repair and bone and cartilage repair, and succeeds in experiments, but there are still a lot of problems for cl inical application. ConclusionWith the development of in situ 3-D printing technique, it will provide patients with real-time and in situ digital design and 3-D printing treatment with a timely and minimally invasive surgical repair process. It will be widely used in the future.
ObjectiveTo review the current progress of three-dimensional (3-D) printing technique in the clinical practice, its limitations and prospects. MethodsThe recent publications associated with the clinical application of 3-D printing technique in the field of surgery, especially in orthopaedics were extensively reviewed. ResultsCurrently, 3-D printing technique has been applied in orthopaedic surgery to aid diagnosis, make operative plans, and produce personalized prosthesis or implants. Conclusion3-D printing technique is a promising technique in clinical application.
ObjectiveTo construct large block of engineered liver tissue by co-culture of fibroblasts and hepatocytes on collagen hydrogels in vitro and do in vivo implantation research. MethodsSilastic mould was prepared using three-dimensional printing technology. The collagen hydrogel scaffold was prepared by collagen hydrogel gel in the silicone mould and was removed. Sprague Dawley rat lung fibroblasts were co-cultured with primary hepatocytes at a ratio of 0.4:1 on the collagen hydrogel scaffold to construct large block of engineered liver tissue in vitro (group B), and primary hepatocytes cultured on the collagen hydrogel scaffold served as control group (group A). The cell morphology was observed, and the liver function was tested at 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21 days after culture. The rat model (n=24) of hepatic cirrhosis was made by subcutaneous injection of carbon tetrachloride. And in vivo implantation study was carried in cirrhosis rat model. The phenotypic characteristics and functional expression of hepatocytes were evaluated at 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after implantation. ResultsIn vitro results indicated that hepatocytes in group B exhibited compact polyhedral cells with round nuclei and high expression of liver function. Moreover, cells aggregated to the most at 7 days. Album production and urea synthesis incresed significantly when compared with group A (P<0.05). In vivo results showed hepatocytes in group B survived for 28 days, and albumin production and urea synthesis were significantly increased. In addition, hepatocytes showed an aggregated distribution and cord-like structures, which was similar to normal liver tissue. ConclusionThe large block of engineered liver tissue constructed by co-cultured cells can form tissue similar to normal liver tissue in vivo, and survive for a long time, laying foundations for building more complete engineered liver tissue in the future.
ObjectiveTo investigate whether subchondral bone microstructural parameters are related to cartilage repair during large osteochondral defect repairing based on three-dimensional (3-D) printing technique. MethodsBiomimetic biphasic osteochondral composite scaffolds were fabricated by using 3-D printing technique. The right trochlea critical sized defects (4.8 mm in diameter, 7.5 mm in depth) were created in 40 New Zealand white rabbits (aged 6 months, weighing 2.5-3.5 kg). Biomimetic biphasic osteochondral composite scaffolds were implanted into the defects in the experimental group (n=35), and no composite scaffolds implantation served as control group (n=5); the left side had no defect as sham-operation group. Animals of experimental and sham-operation groups were euthanized at 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, and 52 weeks after operation, while animals of control group were sampled at 24 weeks. Subchondral bone microstructural parameters and cartilage repair were quantitatively analyzed using Micro-CT and Wayne scoring system. Correlation analysis and regression analysis were applied to reveal the relationship between subchondral bone parameters and cartilage repair. The subchondral bone parameters included bone volume fraction (BV/TV), bone surface area fraction (BSA/BV), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), trabecular number (Tb.N), and trabecular spacing (Tb.Sp). ResultsIn the experimental group, articular cartilage repair was significantly improved at 52 weeks postoperatively, which was dominated by hyaline cartilage tissue, and tidal line formed. Wayne scores at 24 and 52 weeks were significantly higher than that at 16 weeks in the experimental group (P<0.05), but no significant difference was found between at 24 and 52 weeks (P>0.05); the scores of experimental group were significantly lower than those of sham-operation group at all time points (P<0.05). In the experimental group, new subchondral bone migrated from the surrounding defect to the centre, and subchondral bony plate formed at 24 and 52 weeks. The microstructural parameters of repaired subchondral bone followed a "twin peaks" like discipline to which BV/TV, BSA/BV, and Tb.N increased at 2 and 16 weeks, and then they returned to normal level. The Tb.Sp showed reversed discipline compared to the former 3 parameters, no significant change was found for Tb.Th during the repair process. Correlation analysis showed that BV/TV, BSA/BV, Tb.Th, Tb.N, and Tb.Sp were all related with gross appearance score and histology score of repaired cartilage. ConclusionSubchondral bone parameters are related with cartilage repair in critical size osteochondral repair in vivo. Microstructural parameters of repaired subchondral bone follow a "twin peaks" like discipline (osteoplasia-remodeling-osteoplasia-remodeling) to achieve reconstruction, 2nd week and 16th week are critical time points for subchondral bone functional restoration.