【Abstract】Objective To introduce the current studies of the role of vascular endothelial growth factorC (VEGFC) and VEGFD in lymphangiogenesis and lymph node metastasis of gastrointestinal neoplasma. Methods The related literatures in recent 5 years were reviewed. Results The growth factors VEGFC and VEGFD enhance lymphangiogenic metastasis of gastrointestinal neoplasma with the property of angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. In gastric adenocarcinoma, VEGFC mRNA and tissue protein expression correlate with lymphatic invasion, lymph node metastasis, venous invasion and reduced 5year survival rates. The role of VEGFC in esophageal squamous cancer and colorectal cancer and VEGFD in colorectal cancer is not certain, with conflicting reports in the published literatures.Conclusion The VEGFC, VEGFD/VEGFR3 signal pathway may become the ideal target for inhibition of tumor proliferation and metastases, antilymphangiogenesis therapy may be a novel potential strategy in tumor biological therapy.
ObjectiveTo understand the molecular mechanisms and targeted therapy research progress of gastric cancer associated with the RTK/RAS signaling pathway, in order to provide reference for treatment of gastric cancer. MethodThe related literatures about the molecular mechanism and targeted therapy of RTK/RAS signaling pathway related gastric cancer at home and abroad in recent years were reviewed. ResultsTargeted therapy had been widely applied in the treatment of gastric cancer associated with the RTK/RAS signaling pathway, showing good efficacy and significantly prolonging patients’ survival time, further deepening the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of gastric cancer. Targeted therapies for gastric cancer associated with the RTK/RAS signaling pathway focused on human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2), epidermal growth factor receptor, fibroblast growth factor receptor 2, cellular-mesenchymalepithelial transition factor and Kirsten ratsarcoma viral oncogene homolog associated targets. Currently, there were many drugs targeting HER-2 target, while research on other targets mostly remains in the clinical trial stage, and showing promising prospects. ConclusionTargeted therapy can benefit most patients with gastric cancer, but the drug resistance and multi-drug combination therapy are still difficult problems that we need to overcome in the future.
ObjectiveThis study aims to summarize the application and research progress of antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) in gastric cancer (GC). MethodWe reviewed recent domestic and international research on ADC in GC and conducted a comprehensive summary. ResultsADC was emerging as one of the most effective therapeutic options for advanced GC patients, significantly impacting the treatment and prognosis of these patients. However, their clinical application had certain limitations in some aspects. There were some kinds of ADC targeting human epidermal growth factor receptor-2, human epidermal growth factor receptor-3, guanylyl cyclase C, and trophoblasti surface antigen 2. Furthermore, the development of ADC with multiple mechanisms of action held great promise. ConclusionADC drugs represent a valuable approach for the treatment of GC and offer new perspectives and insights into the management of GC patients.
【Abstract】Objective To investigate the expression of PCNA in gastric cancer and its relationship with telomerase activity of peritoneal washings and peritoneal dissemination, and to compare the efficacy of telomerase activity and cytology of peritoneal washings for prediction of peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer. MethodsTelomeric repeated amplification protocol (TRAP)enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to measure the telomerase activity of peritoneal washings collected from 60 patients with gastric cancer. Exfoliate cytologic analysis of the corresponding samples was used for comparison.Expression of PCNA was measured with immunohistochemical staining.Their relationship with clinicopathologic features were evaluated. ResultsThe positive rate of telomerase activity in peritoneal washing collected from patients with gastric cancer was 41.7%,which well related to serosal invasion, histology types, depth of infiltration and peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer. The positive rate of telomerase activity increased with the increased depth of infiltration and serosal involvement areas (P＜0.05).The positive rate of exfoliative cytology was 25.0%, which was obviously high in the group with macroscopic peritoneal metastasis (the group of P1-3). The positive rate of exfoliative cytology also increased with the increased depth of infiltration and serosal involvement areas (P＜0.05). Although the positive rate of telomerase activity in peritoneal washing collected from patients with gastric cancer was not significantly higher than that of exfoliative cytology in general, it was significantly higher than that of exfoliative cytology in the group of pT4, P1-3 and undifferentiated type.The PCNA proliferation index (PI) of positive telomerase activity group was significantly higher than that of negative. The PCNA PI was significantly higher in the group of P1-3 and serosal invasion thanthat of P0 and without serosal invasion. ConclusionTo detect telomerase activity in peritoneal washings and to detect tumor cells by cytologic method are useful to predict subclinical metastasis to the peritoneum in patients with gastric cancer,but telomerase activity is more sensitive than the other one.Telomerase activity is well related to proliferating activity of gastric cancer,which was the very important reason of peritoneal metastasis and serosal invasion.
ObjectiveTo understand the mechanisms of gastric carcinogenesis relevant to Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-related cell apoptosis and explore potential causes of gastric cancer development through cell apoptosis. MethodThe literature of recently domestic and international research on the mechanisms of H. pylori-related cell apoptosis in the gastric carcinogenesis was searched and reviewed. ResultsThe H. pylori infection was one of the important risk factors in the occurrence and development of gastric cancer, which was characterized by the imbalance of the interaction between gastric epithelial cells and various cell components in the gastric microenvironment, and which promoted or inhibited the process of apoptosis, and thus interfered with the process of gastric cancer. ConclusionsH. pylori, through the regulation of various cellular components and molecular pathways, increases the sensitivity of gastric epithelial cells to apoptosis, actively participates in the progression of gastric cancer. With the advent of the era of precision medicine, research on the mechanisms of H. pylori-related cell apoptosis in gastric carcinogenesis is transitioning to clinical applications, offering promising new treatment strategies for gastric cancer patients.
Objective To assess the effectiveness and the safety of clinical use of growth hormone (GH) in burn patients. Method Search were applied to the following electronic databases: Chinese Bio-medicine Database (CBM), MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Library. Language was restricted in Chinese and English. Data were extracted and evaluated by the two reviewers independently of each other. Applied RevMan 4.1 for statistical analyse. Results Nine trials involving 732 patients were included. The combined results showed that GH can shorten wound healing time [weighted mean difference (WMD) = -11.25, 95%CI (-14.84 to -7.66), Plt;0.000 01], donor site healing times [WMD= -1.87, 95%CI (-2.28 to -1.47), P＜0.000 01), and length of hospital stay [WMD= -8.10, 95%CI (-10.40 to -5.79), P＜0.000 01]. There was no statistical significance on resting energy expenditure [WMD= -0.04, 95%CI ( -0.08 to 0.00), P=0.06], mortality [odds ratio (OR) =1.15, 95%CI (0.15 to 8.53), P=0.9], sepsis [OR=1.08, 95%CI (0.50 to 2.34), P=0.8] and ventilatory support required [OR=1.51, 95%CI (0.72 to 3.16), P=0.3]. Nevertheless, the plasma levels of glucose [standardized mean difference (SMD) =0.98, 95%CI (0.54 to1.42), P＜0.000 01] and insulin [SMD=0.86, 95%CI (0.43 to1.30), P=0.000 1] were increased in GH groups. Conclusions GH for burn patients is effective and safe if blood glucose can be controlled well.