Objective To investigate the differences between six parts of China in prediction models of lung function.Methods The predicted values of 360 healthy volunteers underwent pulmonary functiontest in east China were compared with that of north China, northeast China, northwest China, southwest China, south China and Asian American. Results In the male group, the prediction values of east China were as follows: VC ( 4. 19 ±0. 33) L, coefficient correlation( r) to the other five regions were 0. 803-0. 983,the differences to the other five regions were 1. 90% -4. 30% ; FVC ( 4. 06 ±0. 35) L, r to the others were 0. 912-0. 981, the differences to the other four regions were 0-2. 46% except for south China of 8. 10% , to Asian American ×0. 88 and Asian American ×0. 94 were 1. 97% and 4. 68% ; FEV1 ( 3. 34 ±0. 40) L, r to the others were 0. 963-0. 992, the differences to north China and east China were 0. 9% and 3. 59% , to southwest China and south China were gt;5% , to Asian American ×0. 88 and Asian American×0. 94 were 6. 89% and 0. 6% ; FEV1 /FVC ( 80. 87 ±3. 84) % , r to the others were 0. 989-0. 999, the differences to north China, northeast China and south China were 0. 42% -3. 04% , to the others were gt;5% . In the female group, the prediction values of east China were as follows: VC ( 3. 00 ±0. 33) L, r to the other five regions were 0. 899-0. 993, the differences to the other five regions were 0. 33% -3. 67% ; FVC( 2. 92 ±0. 34) L, r to the other five regions were 0. 929-0. 990, the differences to the other five regions were 1. 02% -2. 40%, to Asian American ×0. 88 and Asian American ×0. 94 were 4. 79% and 6. 16% ; FEV1 ( 2. 38 ±0. 39) L, r to the other five regions were 0. 958-0. 994, the differences to northeast China, southwest China, south China were 0. 84% -3. 36% , to north china was 7. 19% , to Asian American ×0. 88 and Asian American ×0. 94 were 2. 10% and 4. 62% ; FEV1 /FVC ( 82. 04 ±3. 94) % , r to the others were 0. 991-1. 000, the differences to the other four regions were 1. 34% -4. 55% except for southwest China was 7. 59% . Conclusions VC and FVC predicted values are coincident between six parts of China. FEV1 /FVC predicted values are coincident in the four parts of China except for westnorth and westsouth China. FEV1 predicted values are different. The oversea predicted values should be used with appropriate conversion factors.
ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of single-disease quota payment in Chengdu.MethodsThe data of medical insurance in Chengdu from 2009 to 2013 were used to compare changes of average hospitalization expenses, hospitalization days, re-admission rate and so on by establishing a difference-in-difference (DID) model.ResultsThe quota payment policy effectively controlled the overall medical expenses. Drug fee and examination fee were significantly affected (P<0.01). However, the re-admission rate was significantly improved (P<0.10).ConclusionThe implementation of single-disease quota payment in Chengdu controlled the medical expanses growth effectively, but it is necessary to prevent its side effects.
ObjectiveTo systematically review the data of peripheral inflammatory markers in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD) to further indicate pathogenesis and antidiastole.MethodsPubMed, EMbase, The Cochrane Library, CNKI, WanFang Data and VIP databases were electronically searched to collect studies on peripheral inflammatory markers in patients with AD and VaD from inception to July 2020. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias of included studies, and meta-analysis was performed by using Stata 15.1SE software.ResultsA total of 30 studies involving 2 377 patients were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that the IL-6 level was higher in VaD group than that in AD group (SMD=−0.477, 95%CI −0.944 to −0.009, P=0.046). However, there were no statistical difference in peripheral IL-1β (SMD=−0.034, 95%CI −0.325 to 0.257, P=0.818), TNF-α (SMD=0.409, 95%CI −0.152 to 0.970, P=0.153) or CRP (SMD=0.277, 95%CI −0.228 to 0.782, P=0.282) levels.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that IL-6 may be sensitive markers to distinguish AD from VaD. Due to limited quality and quantity of the included studies, more high-quality studies are required to verify the conclusions.