Objective To retrospectively analyze the emergency complications of the patients after oocyte retrieval with assisted reproductive technology (ART), and analyze the corresponding strategies. Methods The clinical data of patients after oocyte retrieval with ART between January and December 2016 were retrospectively anayzed. The postoperative emergency complications were observed. Results A total of 5 013 patients were included in the study. The common emergency complications after oocyte retrieval included vaginal bleeding in 137 cases (2.73%) , ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) in 35 (0.69%), hematuria caused by bladder injury in 11 cases (0.21%), pelvic infection in 3 (0.06%), and vagal reflex in 2 (0.04%). OHSS was related to age, the number of basal follicles, the number of oviposaccharides and the estradiol level on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin injection, but not related to the body mass index and the number of days of gonadotropin use; which might be misdiagnosed most likely. Conclusions OHSS is one of the common and severe emergency complications after oocyte retrieval with ART, which should be concerned. Active treatment of complications is helpful to reduce the incidence of emergency complications after oocyte retrieval with ART.