To introduce the basic research and cl inical appl ications of the vascularized epi physeal transplantation. Methods The appl ied anatomy, experimental researches, and cl inical appl ication about the vascularized epi physeal transplantation were summarized in the past two decades. The effectiveness of epi physeal transplantation were discussed in the article. Results The epiphysis flap of fibular head with inferior lateral genicular artery and the epiphysis flap of il iac with deep superior branch of superior gluteal artery can be used as the donor sites of epiphyseal transplantation. Animal experiments proved that the vascularized epi physis survived and maintained growth after transplantation. In a typical caseundergoing distal ulnar reconstruction by the graft of peroneal epiphyseal, the 18-year follow-up results showed that the repaired ulna was nearly as long as the contralateral side and the function of the forearm was good. Conclusion It is an effective way to repair epiphyseal defects of long bones in children with vascularized epiphyseal transplantation.