The great progress achieved in eye health in the recent forty years laid the foundation for further promoting the eye health in China. China is a developing country and is facing some challenges in eye health, including: with the huge population and aging, the number of age-related eye disease is increasing; China is still a country with the most blindness and moderated and severe visual impairment; the resource of the ophthalmic service is insufficient and maldistributed. The " Thirteenth Five-Year Plan” period is a key period and an opportunity period for the eye health. The central government pays more attention to the national health, including eye health, and proposes the goal of building a healthy China. That is a great opportunity for further promoting eye health. We should get to the points in promoting the eye health: people aged fifty or above are the priority population, rural and poverty areas and the mid and west regions are the priority areas, and cataract and uncorrected refractive error are the priority eye diseases.