ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of timing of removal of drainage tube on complications after radical thyroidectomy by da Vinci robot.MethodsThree hundred and fifteen patients with thyroid cancer treated by da Vinci robot from July 2014 to December 2018 in our department were reviewed. The patients were divided into two groups according to the amount of drainage fluid at extubation: observation group (99 cases) and control group (216 cases). The extubation indication: in the observation group, the drainage volume was less than 20 mL for 24 hours in two days; in the control group, according to most clinical concepts, the drainage volume was less than 10 mL for 24 hours in two days. The infection rate of wound and tunnel, the incidence of hematoma, wound healing, the time of drainage tube removal and the time of hospitalization were observed.ResultsThere were no significant difference in infection rate, hematoma incidence and wound healing rate between the observation group and the control group (P>0.05). The postoperative extubation time and hospitalization time in the observation group was significantly shorter than that in the control group (P<0.05).ConclusionsAfter the radical operation of thyroid cancer by Leonardo da Vinci robot, taking the amount of wound drainage fluid less than 20 mL/24 hours for 2 days as the time of extubation does not increase the incidence of complications, but it can significantly shorten the time of extubation and hospitalization of patients, which can be widely used in clinical practice.
【Abstract】ObjectiveTo investigate the expressions of hTERT mRNA and BRCA1 protein and to analyze the correlation between these two factors in breast cancer. MethodsThe expression of hTERT mRNA was examined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The expression of BRCA1 protein was examined by immunohistochemistry. ResultsThe positive rates of hTERT mRNA and BRCA1 protein were 72.1%（31/43） and 34.9%（15/43） in breast cancer tissue, were 5.0%(2/40) and 77.5%(31/40) in paracancerous breast tissue respectively. Significant difference existed between breast cancer tissue and paracancerous breast tissue (P＜0.05). Significant negative correlation existed between the expression of BRCA1 protein and expression of hTERT mRNA （r=-0.995, P＜0.01）. ConclusionThe expression of hTERT mRNA is upregulated in breast cancer, and expression of BRCA1 protein is downregulated in breast cancer. BRCA1 protein expression may be associated with expression of hTERT mRNA in breast cancer, which may be involved in the carcinogenesis of breast cancer.
Objective To establish the model of hepatic VX2 tumor in rabbits and to offer the experimental evidences for the application of the model. Methods The hepatoma model was reproduced with VX2 cell lines in rabbits. The method to reproduce the model was improved. The changes of liver function (ALT, AST and TB) were determined at a different phase. Tumor’s growth and metastases, pathological changes, images and spontaneous survival time of the animal were observed. Results The tumors could grow up to 1.5-2.0 cm in diameter in 3 weeks after implanting. The successful rate of implantation was 100%. Nodular enhanced echo was found in the liver by color ultrasound. CT scans showed the low density foci in liver, while enhanced CT scans demonstrated asymmetrical intensification in the foci. Macroscopic observation showed that the tumors were grayish white in color and felt harder, necrotic foci was present in the center of tumor. Observation with light microscope showed that the tumor cells’ nucleoplasm proportion was great, tumor cells arranged irregularly, and the tumors displayed invasive growth and no obvious envelope around them. Animals’ spontaneous survival time was 40-53 days. The cause for their death was multiple system organ failure. Conclusion In pathological morphology, pathological process and prognosis, the hepaticVX2 tumors in rabbits are similar to human hepatocarcinoma. It has such characteristics as easy reproduction, short growth period, high success rate, high stability and so on. The model is an ideal hepatoma model in animals.
Objective To investigate the feasibility and operation effect of endoscopic sentinel lymph node biopsy （SLNB） in breast cancer. Methods The data of 410 breast cancer patients who underwent SLNB （including 107 patients with endoscopy and 303 with open operation） were analyzed in our hospital from January 2009 to March 2012. SLNB was performed by using methylene blue staining or the combination of methylene blue and 99Tcm-sulfur colloid tracing. Results The successful rate of SLN detection with methylene blue and 99Tcm-sulfur colloid tracing was 94.56% （139/147） in open operation group and 94.25% （82/87） in endoscopy group. The successful rate of SLN detection with methylene blue was 88.46% （138/156）in open operation group and 85.00% （17/20） in endoscopy group. The mean of detected SLN number with combined method or methylene blue was 1.90/1.98 in open operation group and 1.91/1.82 in endoscopy group respectively. SLN-positive rate was 22.30% （31/139） and 25.36% （35/138） in open operation group， and 19.51% （16/82） and 23.53% （4/17） in endoscopy group， respectively. The rate of subcutaneous effusion in endoscopy group was higher than that in open operation group （P=0.001）, but other postoperative complications presented no significant difference. Conclusions Endoscopic SLNB can obtain the similar safety and the clinical efficacy with traditional SLNB， but superior cosmetic effect. So it is worthy of clinical application in breast cancer.
ObjectiveTo explore the effects of exogenous estrogen receptor β1 (ERβ1) gene on the expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) as well as the changes of proliferation ability in MDA-MB-231 cell line by transfecting recombinant eukaryotic expressing vector containing ERβ1 cDNA into human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cell. MethodsRecombinant eukaryotic expressing vector containing ERβ1 cDNA was transfected into human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cell by using cationic liposome as transfecting agent (acted as pcDNA3.1ERβ1 transfection group), empty vector group and non-transfection group acted as controls. The expression levels in both the mRNA and protein of both the ERβ1 and hTERT were tested by real-time PCR and Western blot, respectively. The change of proliferation ability in MDA-MB-231 cell was displayed by cell growth curve, and the change of cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. ResultsThe expression level of ERβ1 mRNA in the pcDNA3.1-ERβ1 transfection group (0.449±0.077) significantly increased as compared with the nontransfection group (0.153±0.035) or the empty vector group (0.160±0.020), P=0.001 or P=0.000. The expression level of ERβ1 protein in the pcDNA3.1-ERβ1 transfection group (0.847±0.065) significantly increased as compared with the non-transfection group (0.356±0.050) or the empty vector group (0.390±0.030), P=0.001 or P=0.000. The expression level of hTERT mRNA in the pcDNA3.1-ERβ1 transfection group (0.127±0.020) significantly decreased as compared with the non-transfection group (0.283±0.025) or the empty vector group (0.283±0.049), P=0.001 or P=0.002. The expression level of hTERT protein in the pcDNA3.1-ERβ1 transfection group (0.147±0.023) significantly decreased as compared with the non-transfection group (0.783±0.025) or the empty vector group (0.802±0.019), P=0.001 or P=0.002. The rate of cell apoptosis in the pcDNA3.1-ERβ1 transfection group 〔(6.15±0.94)%〕 was higher than that in the non-transfection group 〔(1.41±0.42)%〕， P=0.001. Cell proliferation curve showed that proliferation ability significantly decreased in the pcDNA3.1-ERβ1 transfected groups as compared with the non-transfection group (Plt;0.05). ConclusionERβ1 could inhibit cell growth of human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cell by down-regulating the expression of hTERT.