ObjectiveTo review the research progress of the roles of inflammation and immune response in the formation of pathological scar. MethodsThe recent literature concerning the formation mechanism of pathological scar was extensively consulted, inflammation and immune response involved in the formation of pathological scar was reviewed. ResultsThe formation of pathological scar is associated with inflammation and immune response, some inflammatory factors will promote the activation of immune cells, then induce immune cells releasing cytokines and aggravate inflammatory response. However, inflammation response also affects the level of immune response. So they work together to promote the formation of pathological scar by the immuno-inflammatory cells and media. ConclusionThe formation of pathological scar is not only related to inflammation response, but also involves in immune response. Moreover, immune response is the new progress in the study of pathological scar mechanism in recent years. Further research of immuno-inflammatory response will provide new ideas and corresponding basis for the prevention of pathological scar.
ObjectiveTo explore the effectiveness of the zygomatic spindle-shaped osteotomy and internal push of titanium screw anchor for prominent malar. MethodBetween July 2011 and January 2015, 58 patients with prominent malar underwent zygomatic spindle-shaped osteotomy and internal push of titanium screw anchor. There were 3 males and 55 females, aged 18-33 years (mean, 23 years). They had congenital bilateral prominent malar. Preoperative anteroposterior, lateral, supine position, 45°oblique photographs of the face were taken, three-dimensional CT reconstruction of face was performed. Simple prominent malar was observed in 30 cases, and prominent malar and zygomatic arch in 28 cases; zygomatic bone and zygomatic arch were symmetrical in 51 cases, and asymmetrical in 7 cases. ResultsAll patients obtained stage I incision healing after operation, without infection or hematoma. Numbness of the upper lip occurred in 2 cases, limitation of mouth opening in 1 case, and nasolabial fold deepening in 1 case, which recovered spontaneously after 3 months. Fifty-eight cases were followed up 6-12 months (mean, 10 months). Zygomatic narrow spacing was 10.6-13.9 mm (mean, 11.2 mm). No ptosis of facial soft tissue, zygomatic step, facial nerve injury, raising eyebrow, dysfunction of eyes closure, or temporomandibular joint disorder syndrome occurred. Good bone healing was obtained, zygomatic facial sensation had no obvious abnormality, all patients were satisfied with the improvement of appearance. ConclusionsZygomatic spindle-shaped osteotomy and internal push titanium screw anchor can effectively reduce the cheekbones, and maintain the natural curve of zygomatic body and zygomatic arch. Because of simple operation, less complications, and excellent results, it is an ideal plasty.