Objective To summarize the significance of BRAFV600E mutation for the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). Methods Related literatures which were published in recent years for exploring the relationship of BRAFV600E mutation and PTC were collected and reviewed. Results The BRAFV600E mutation was the most common mutant type in PTC, which played an important role in the oncogenesis and development of PTC. In addition, this type of mutation was closely associated with aggressive behavior and poor prognosis of PTC. The BRAFV600E testing in fine needle aspiration (FNA) samples of thyroid nodule not only facilitated to improve the diagnostic accuracy of PTC, but also helped ensure the recurrence risk classification, selection of surgical treatment, and follow-up planning. Conclusion BRAFV600E mutation was prevalent in PTC and had important significance both in diagnosis and prognostic evaluation of PTC.