Objective To investigate the effectiveness of pretreatment with mixture of lidocaine and flurbiprofen axetil in reducing injection pain of propofol. Methods One hundred and sixty ASI I–II patients undergoing general anaesthesia were randomly allocated into four groups (40 cases in each group): the control group, the lidocaine (Lc) group, the flurbiprofen axetil (FA) group and the mixture of lidocaine and flurbiprofen axetil (hereafter termed as “mixture”) group. After the occlusion of venous drainage, patients were pretreated with 7 mL of 0.9% saline in the control group, 5 mL (50 mg) of flurbiprofen axetil and 2 mL of 0.9% saline in the FA group, 2 mL (40 mg) of 2% lidocaine and 5 mL of 0.9% saline in the Lc group, and 5 mL (50 mg) of flurbiprofen axetil and 2 mL (40 mg) of 2% lidocaine in the mixture group, respectively. The occlusion was released 2 min later and then 0.5 mg/kg propofol was injected into the vein within 5 s. During injecting propofol, the patients were asked by another anesthetist to assess and record their pain through using VSR. Results No significant differences in the demographic characteristics were found among the four groups. In comparison with the control group, the incidence rates of propofol injection pain were obviously lower in the mixture group, the FA group and the Lc group (Plt;0.05); there was a significant reduction in the incidence rate of pain in the mixture group compared with the other three groups. The median pain score was significantly lower in the mixture group and the Lc group than that in the control group. During the 24 hour follow-up after operation, neither the adverse events such as red-swelling in injection site, phlebitis or drug eruption, nor the gastrointestinal stimulating signs were found. Conclusion The mixture of flurbiprofen axetil and lidocaine is found to be more effective in reducing injection pain of propofol.
ObjectiveTo investigate the risk factors of perioperative anaesthesia management in postoperative headache induced by thyroidectomy. MethodsA 1:1 age and operation time matched case-control design study was performed. General anesthesia patients for elective thyroidectomy with postoperative headache (case group, VAS score >4) and without postoperative headache (control group, VAS score ≤4) were recruited. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to analyze the risk factors of postoperative headache after 24 and 48 hours of operation by using SPSS 18.0 software. ResultsA total of 134 patients were included; of which, 67 were in the case group and the other 67 were in the control group. The results of univariate analysis showed that female and administration of flurbiprofen axetil might be the risk factors of postoperative headache. The further multivariate analysis showed that administration of flurbiprofen axetil was significantly associated with decreased postoperative headache (OR=0.387, 95%CI 0.185 to 0.811). ConclusionPerioperative anesthesia management has a certain influence on postoperative headache induced by thyroidectomy. The use of flurbiprofen axetil during operation could reduce the incidence rate of postoperative headache.