Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) base on OCT with an algorithm that can image a high-resolution picture of retinal circulation. OCTA has allowed quantifying the characteristic lesions of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in early stage, such as fovea avascular zone, retinal vascular density and the counts of retinal microaneurysm. In addition, OCTA can objectively evaluate the progression and prognosis of DR in late stage through imaging involved retinal neovascularization. Understanding OCT angiography features of DR lesions with different course of the disease may provide reference value for the diagnosis and treatment of DR.
The pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR) is complex. Antisense non-coding RNA (ANRIL) in the INK4 locus in long-chain non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is closely related to cell proliferation, differentiation, and individual development. It plays an important role in the dysplasia of retinal vascular endothelial cells and is a new field in the study of the pathogenesis of DR. According to the researches at present, ANRIL may plays its role in the occurrence and development of DR through the signal pathway of nuclear factor-κB and ROS/polyadenylation diphosphate ribose polymerase, and interact with p300, miR-200b, and EZH2 to regulating the expression and function of VEGF. Specific blocking ANRIL and its related pathways may become a new target in the treatment of DR.