Objective To detect the value of three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound diagnosis in common ocular fundus diseases. Methods Two-dimensional (2D) images of 38 patients with common ocular fundus diseases were three-dimensionally reconstructed via 3D ultrasound workstation. The 3D images reflecting the ocular diseases were analyzed. Result In 38 patients with common ocular fundus diseases, there was vitreous hemorrhage in 16 patients, retinal detachment in 12, choroidal detachment in 5, and intraocular space occupying lesion in 5. Compared with the 2D images, 3D reconstructed images reflect the lesions more intuitionistically, displayed the relationship between the lesions and the peripheral tissues more clearly, and revealed the blood flow more specifically. During a scanning examination, 3D reconstructed technology provided the diagnostic information of section of X, Y and Z axises simultaneously which shortened the time of examination; the condition of any point of lesions and the relation between the lesion and the peripheral tissues could be gotten by the tools like cut and chop provided by 3D imaging software itself, which avoided detecting the same lesion with different angles and lays and proved the diagnostic efficacy. Conclusions 3D ultrasound diagnosis is better than 2D in diagnosis of vitreous, retina, choroid, and intraocular space occupying lesion. 3D ultrasound diagnosis is a complementarity for the 2D one, and the Z axis changes the former observational angles which may provide the new way of precise diagnosis. (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis, 2005, 21: 381-383)
OBJCTIVE :To investigate the fundus ocu]i changes in hypnxie isehemic encepbalnpa ally(HIE)of new[x,rns. METHODS:One hundred and two newblt;~rns suffered from HIE were investi- gated to observe lhe pathological neular fundus changes by di~et ophthabnoseopy after mydria~s. RE- SULTS:Seventy seven ca.~s(154 eyes)were found to have ophthalmoscopic changes in the ~ular fundi including papilledema .white retina vaseolar abnormality and hemorrhage. CONCLUSIONS:In clinical view .the severity of HIE depends on the pathological ebanges of the brain .and ftmdus ahnormalby will be very often in middle and .~vere sufforers of HIE.
Axon guidance molecules, slit glycoprotein (Slit) and Roundabout receptors (Robo) were firstly identified in the central neural system of Drosophila melanogaster. The Slit-Robo signal plays a crucial role in axon guidance, inflammation, tumor metastasis and angiogenesis, of which the role of Slit2-Robo pathway in angiogenesis has drawn a greater attention and still remains conflicting. Herein, we provide a review on the role of Slit2-Robo pathway in ocular angiogenesis and vascularization of other organs and systems. We hope this review will be the basis of further study on the mechanism of Slit2-Robo signaling on angiogenesis and provide new target for the therapy on ocular vascular disease
ObjectiveTo observe the prevalence of fundus tessellation in college students with high myopia and analyze the relationship of fundus tessellation and ocular biological parameters.MethodsA cross-sectional study. A total of 202 eyes of 161 individuals were included in the study. Among them, there were 49 males and 112 females with the average age of 19.73 ± 1.12 years old, and the average spherical equivalent of －7.39 ± 1.12 D. All participants underwent computer optometry, non-mydriatic fundus photography, OCT, OCT angiography (OCTA) examination and axial length (AL) measurement. The non-mydriatic fundus camera was used to take the photo of fundus. Fundus tessellation was differentiated to no leopard eye fundus (grade 0), mild leopard eye fundus (grade 1) and middle leopard eye fundus (grade 2) and for severe leopard eye fundus (grade 3). The lenstar was used for eye axis measurement. The choroid, retinal thickness and microvessel density of the macular fovea at the posterior pole of the fundus were measured using a swept-frequency source optical coherence tomography scanner. According to the ETDRS, the choroid within 6 mm of the fovea was divided into 3 concentric circles centered on the macula, which were the central area with a diameter of 1 mm, the inner ring area of 1-3 mm and the outer ring area of 3-6 mm. The outer ring area of 3-6 mm included a total of 9 zones. The inner ring and outer ring 4 regions were superior, inferior, nasal and temporal, respectively. The distribution characteristics of choroid and retinal thickness in different regions and the density of superficial microvessels in the macular area of the retina were observed. Bivariate correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationship of fundus tessellation and ocular biological parameters.ResultsAmong 202 eyes, 37 eyes with leopard pattern fundus with 0 grade (18.32%, 37/202), 165 eyes with grade 1 to 3 (81.68%, 165/202), of which grade 1, 2 and 3 were respectively 125 (61.88%, 125/202), 28 (13.86%, 28/202), 12 (5.94%, 12/202) eyes. The thickness of the retina, both horizontally and vertically, increased first and then decreased from the nasal side to the central area, was lowest in the central area, then increased and then decreased; the overall thickness of the temporal side was slightly lower than that of the nasal side, and the overall thickness of the lower part was slightly lower than the upper part. The choroidal thickness gradually thickened from the nasal side to the temporal side in the horizontal direction; it gradually decreased in the vertical direction from the top to the central area, then increased and then decreased. The SCP blood flow density in the central area in the horizontal and vertical directions was lower than that in other areas. In multivariate regression analysis, Leopard-like fundus classification and AL (β=0.291, OR=1.338, 95%CI 1.064-1.682, P=0.013), SCP blood flow density in the central area of the macula (β=0.080, OR=1.084, 95% CI 1.006-1.167, P=0.034) and choroidal thickness (β=－0.033, OR=0.968, 95%CI 0.960-0.975, P＜0.001) were related.ConclusionsPatients with high myopia have a higher prevalence of tessellation. The deepening of tessellation is related to the thinning of the choroid thickness, the growth of the eye axis, and the larger density of the superficial microvessels in the fovea.
Ocular fundus imaging technology has developed rapidly in the past decade. The exsiting imaging technology is constantly updated and new imaging technology emerges one after another. The related research and development investment, equipment usage and paper publication are all growing rapidly. At the same time, it is developing towards the direction of multi-technology combination, integration of artificial intelligence and big data, as well as small-size and automation use of equipment. However, there are many challenges behind the prosperity of ocular fundus imaging, such as professionally remodeling of fundus diseases knowledge system standardization, balance and independence of scholarly communication, misunderstanding of "multimodal images", validation of the effectiveness and applicability of emerging technologies, clinical imaging research innovation, original technology innovation and technology reserve, fundus imaging data integration and analysis system for the future.
ObjectiveTo deeply explore the clinical features and gene mutations of Waardenburg syndrome (WS) by tested of the eyes and genes of three patients. MethodsA Case series study. From 2019 to 2021, 3 children with WS who were diagnosed at Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University were included in the study. Among them, there were 2 males and 1 female; the ages were 3, 4, and 12 months, respectively. All children underwent external eye, anterior segment, fundus and fluorescein fundus angiography, the clinical features of the eyes were observed. The peripheral venous blood of 3 children was collected, and the whole genome DNA was extracted for whole exome sequencing to analyze the gene mutation sites. ResultsAll children had different degrees of iris heterochromia and fundus pigment abnormalities, and were accompanied by sensorineural hearing impairment. Case 1 had dystopia canthorum; case 2 had macular fovea hypoplasia. The sequencing results of case 1 showed that there were large fragments of heterozygous deletion in exons 2-8 of the Paired box 3 (PAX3) gene, who was diagnosed as WS Ⅰ type. The sequencing results of of case 2 showed heterozygous mutation in exon 9 of Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) gene (c.1066 C＞T), combined with heterozygous mutation in exon 1 of HPS6 gene (c.1417 G＞T), who was diagnosed as WS Ⅱ type. The sequencing result of case 3 showed that the exon 3 of SOX10 gene had loss of heterozygosity (c.497_500 delAAGA), who was diagnosed as WS Ⅳ type. Both PAX3 and SOX10 gene mutations were newly discovered mutations. ConclusionsThe ocular clinical features of Waardenburg syndrome include hypopigmentation of the iris and choroid, and dystopia canthorum, etc. Early screening of the eye and hearing will help to better diagnose the disease. The large fragments of heterozygous deletion in exons 2-8 of the PAX3 gene, the heterozygous mutation in exon 9 of MITF gene (c.1066 C＞T), and the loss of heterozygosity in exon 3 of SOX10 gene are pathogenic genetic variations of 3 children.