ObjectiveTo review the research progress on the establishment of prevertebral pathway in the treatment of unilateral total brachial plexus injury, cerebral palsy, stroke, and traumatic brain injury by contralateral C7 nerve root transfer.MethodsThe literature about contralateral C7 nerve root transfer via prevertebral pathway at home and abroad was extensively reviewed, and the development, changes, advantages and disadvantages of various operation methods were analyzed and summarized.ResultsAfter unilateral total brachial plexus injury, cerebral palsy, stroke, and traumatic brain injury, it can be repaired by a variety of surgical methods of the contralateral C7 nerve root transfer via prevertebral pathway, which include the anterior subcutaneous tissue tunnel of the vertebral body, the passage under the sternocleidomastoid muscle, the posterior pharyngeal space and the anterior vertebral fascia passage, the modified posterior esophageal anterior vertebral passage, the anterior vertebral passage that cuts off the bilateral anterior scalene, and Huashan anterior pathway, etc. Among them, how to establish the shortest, safe, and effective way of anterior vertebral canal has been paid more attention and discussed by peripheral nerve repair doctors.ConclusionIt is a safe and effective surgical method to repair unilateral total brachial plexus injury, cerebral palsy, stroke, and traumatic brain injury patients with contralateral C7 nerve root transfer via prevertebral pathway.
ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of microRNA-135a (miR-135a) in human amnion mesenchymal stem cell exosome (hAMSC-Exo) on the migration of fibroblasts.MethodsThe hAMSC-Exo was extracted with exosomes separation kit and identified, the effect of hAMSC-Exo on fibroblasts migration was detected by scratch test. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the relative expression of miR-135a gene in hAMSC-Exo after overexpression of miR-135a. Scratch test was used to detect the effect of hAMSC-Exo on the migration of fibroblasts after overexpression and knockdown of miR-135a. Western blot was used to detect the migration related proteins of fibroblasts [large tumor suppressor 2 (LATS2), E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and α smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)] after overexpression and knockdown of miR-135a. The 293T cell exosomes and hAMSC-Exo were used as control.ResultshAMSC-Exos were extracted successfully. Scratch test results showed that hAMSC group had the strongest ability to promote fibroblasts migration, and GW4869 (exosome inhibitor) treatment group had reduced ability to promote fibroblasts migration. qRT-PCR test showed that the relative expression of miR-135a gene in hAMSC-Exo increased significantly after over expression of miR-135a. Scratch test results showed that after over expression of miR-135a, hAMSC-Exo enhanced the migration ability of fibroblasts, while after knockdown of miR-135a, hAMSC-Exo weakened the migration ability of fibroblasts. Western blot results showed that the expressions of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, LATS2 were down regulated and α-SMA was up regulated in each hAMSC-Exo treatment group when compared with 293T cell exosomes group; after over expression of miR-135a, hAMSC-Exo decreased the expressions of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, LATS2 and increased the expression of α-SMA; while after knockdown of miR-135a, the ability of hAMSC-Exo was weakened.ConclusionmiR-135a in hAMSC-Exo can promote fibroblasts’ migration, inhibit the expressions of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, LATS2, and promote the expression of α-SMA.