During kidney transplant, the non-specific inflammatory response induced by ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) will lead to decreased survival ability of transplanted kidney. However, the effect of IRI on long-term survival rate of allograft is not sure. Here we illuminated the relationship between early IRI and decreased long-term survival ability of allograft by retrospectively analyzing the clinical evidences and laboratory investigations. Previous studies showed that early IRI resulted in the graft loss through reduction of renal functional mass, vascular injury, chronic hypoxia and subsequent fibrosis. IRI was also one of the main factors to induce dysfunction of transplanted kidney and acute rejection reaction, and to decrease the allograft survival. Therefore, it’s better to substitute traditional methods with novel measures during kidney transplant which may relieve the renal IRI much better.
Three dimensional (3D) bioprinting is a new biological tissue engineering technology in recent years. The development of 3D bioprinting is conducive to solving the current problems of clinical tissue and organ repairing. This article provides a review about the clinical and research status of 3D bioprinting and urinary system reconstruction. Furthermore, the feasibility and clinical value of 3D bioprinting in urinary system reconstruction will be also discussed.