Objective To summarize and analyze the different views on the extent of lymphadenectomy in gastric cancer, and ways or methods to dissolve the disagreements. Methods The reports and advances on lymphadenectomy in gastric carcinomas were collected and reviewed.Results Eastern and western scholars presented different view on lymph nodes dissection in gastric cancers because of the difference in nationalty,studying method and operating technique.Conclusion Although extended lymph node dissection for gastric cancers are supported by more and more reports, it is difficult to evaluate the role exactly. Searchers over the world should learn from each other and explore further in order to develop guiding principles in the end.
Objective To evaluate the effect of inducing differenation of all trans retinoic acid (ATRA) on immunologic function of patients with gastric cancer. Methods T-lymphocyte subsets(T-Ls) and interleukin-2 receptor(sIL-2R) of 56 patients with gastric cancer after treatment of ATRA were studied. Results In radical gastric cancer resection group, the serum CD3,CD4 and CD4/CD8 rate were higher and sIL-2R were lower than those in the control group, after treatment of ATRA, CD3,CD4 and CD4/CD8 rate and sIL2R were as high as those in the control group. In the non-operative or palliative gastric resection group, CD3,CD4 and CD4/CD8 rates were increased markedly and the serum sIL-2R was decreased significantly than those in the control group. Conclusion ATRA inducing differenation can improve the immunity of the patients with gastric cancer.
Objective To summarize the research progress of gastrointestinal stem cells and its role in gastric neoplasms. Methods The literatures related effect of gastrointestinal stem cells niche， gastrointestinal stem cells markers，and the cancer stem cell theory in the gastric neoplasms were retrieved through PubMed， the research progress of gastrointestinal stem cells and cancer stem cells in the gastric neoplasms was explored. Results The cancer stem cell theory arose a decade ago. Gastrointestinal stem cells played a very important role in the gastric neoplasms， which had specific markers and their niches included many kinds of tissue factors. Inflammation could induce gastrointestinal stem cells dysplasia and become cancer stem cells， which promoted the growth， invasion， and metastasis of the gastric neoplasms. Conclusions Gastric cancer stem cells could be one of an effective target in treatment for gastric neoplasms， and it may be provide a new breakthrough in treatment for gastric neoplasms.
ObjectiveTo investigate the potential role of caudal type homeobox transcription factor-2 (CDX-2) and liverintestine cadherin (LI-cadherin) in the development and progression of gastric tumor by detecting their expressions in gastric cancer and benign lesions. MethodsThe expressions of CDX-2 and LI-cadherin protein were detected by immunohistochemistry in normal gastric mucosa (n=28), chronic superficial gastritis (n=30), chronic atrophic gastritis (n=42), intestinal metaplasia (n=58), gastric adenocarcinoma (n=46), vicinity cancerous tissue (n=30), and gastric stromal tumor (n=10)．Then, the relationship between expression of CDX-2 or LI-cadherin protein and clinicopathologic features was analyzed． Results①The expressions of CDX-2 and LI-cadherin were all negative in normal gastric mucosa, chronic superficial gastritis, vicinity cancerous tissue, and gastric stromal tumor. The positive rates of CDX-2 protein expression in intestinal metaplasia and gastric adenocarcinoma were 91.4% (53/58) and 80.4% (37/46), respectively, and the positive rates of LI-cadherin protein expression were 82.8% (48/58) in intestinal metaplasia and 65.2% (30/46) in gastric adenocarcinoma. The positive rates of CDX-2 and LI-cadherin protein expression in intestinal type gastric adenocarcinoma 〔90.6% (29/32) and 78.1% (25/32)〕 were higher than those in diffuse type gastric adenocarcinoma 〔57.1% (8/14) and 35.7% (5/14)〕, Plt;0.05． ② CDX-2 protein expression was associated with degree of differentiation (P=0.007), and LI-cadherin protein expression was associated with lymph node metastasis (P=0.007) and cancer staging (P=0.013). ③ In the mucosa of intestinal metaplasia, the coexpression positive rate of CDX-2 protein expression in nucleus with LI-cadherin protein in cytoplasm or membrane was 83.0% (44/53), while the coexpression positive rate was 67.6% (25/37) in gastric adenocarcinoma. Although b tendency between CDX-2 and LI-cadherin protein expression was showed, it was not confirmed by the correlation analysis (r=238， P=0.115). ConclusionsThe abnormal expressions of CDX-2 and LI-cadherin may be involved in the development and progress of intestinal metaplasia and gastric adenocarcinoma, respectively, and further studies are needed to determine if they have synergistic effect.
Objective To study the expressions of SKP2 and p27 in gastric carcinoma and pericancerous tissues and to detect the relationship between their expressions and clinicopathological features. Methods Forty-nine cases of gastric carcinoma spicemen and 20 cases of tissue adjacent to the carcinoma were cut and made into paraffin-embedded slices. The expressions of SKP2 and p27 were then detected by SP immunohistochemical method. Results The positive expression rate and score of SKP2 were both significantly higher in the gastric carcinoma tissues than those in pericancerous tissues (P＜0.01), whereas those terms of p27 were higher in pericancerous tissues (P＜0.05, P＜0.01). It was observed that the pericancerous tissues with positive SKP2 expression or with negative p27 expression showed atypical hyperplasis ranging from moderate to severe degrees. The positive rate and score of SKP2 were significantly lower in the cases of infiltrating depth T1+T2， without-metastasis of lymph node, with-metastasis of the first site lymph node, and without-metastasis of distant organs than those in infiltrating depth T3+T4, with-metastasis of lymph node, with-metastasis of the second or third site lymph node and with-metastasis of distant organs in gastric carcinoma tissues (P＜0.05， P＜0.01), whereas the results were contrary for p27 (P＜0.01). There was a negative correlation between the score of SKP2 and that of p27 in gastric carcinoma tissues (r=-0.65, P＜0.01). Conclusion The expressions of SKP2 and p27 may act as important biological markers to reflect carcinogenesis, progression, biological beheviors and prognosis of gastric carcinoma.