Rheumatic mitral stenosis is one of the most common cardiac valvulopathies in our country, which is relatively rare in European and American countries. Medical therapy is reserved mainly for the treatment of complications, which can not fundamentally change the valve structure. Only surgical treatments can correct these valve lesions, including closed mitral commissurotomy, percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty, mitral valve repair under direct vision and mitral valve replacement. Numerous studies demonstrate that valve repair provides better long-term results, though it occupies a low proportion clinically. This article reviewed domestic and foreign literature concerning surgical treatments for patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis to provide some reference for the peers.