【摘要】 目的 探讨建立局部性家兔肠系膜静脉血栓（MVT）模型的方法。 方法 于2008年1月，将36只家兔随机均分为3组，肠系膜前静脉局部阻断加静脉分支注射凝血酶，A组80 U/mL，B组40 U/mL，C组注射生理盐水1 mL。观测血栓形成时间、范围和周围静脉血D-二聚体（DD）变化。 结果 A、B两组均可建立控制范围内稳定MVT模型，血栓形成时间分别为（15.6±2.0） min和（22.3±2.5）min，两组比较有统计学意义（Plt;0.001）；术前A、B两组DD为（68.4±5.7）ng/mL、（72.7±6.4）ng/mL，血栓形成后为（209.0±24.0）ng/mL、（215.4±17.6）ng/mL，组内比较有统计学意义（Plt;0.001）；C组不形成血栓。 结论 局部静脉阻断加凝血酶注射法可建立稳定和范围可控的MVT模型，建模前后血浆DD值有一定实验参考价值。【Abstract】 Objective To establish the model of local mesenteric venous thrombosis (MVT) in rabbits. Methods In January 2008, 36 rabbits were randomly divided into three groups with 12 rabbits in each. The anterior mesenteric veins were blocked regionally, and at the same time the rabbits were injected with thrombin 80 U/mL through the branches of mesenteric vein in group A, 40 U/mL in group B, and 1 mL normal saline in group C. Time and range of thrombosis were observed, and D-dimer level in peripheral vein was tested. Results Stable MVT model was established in intended region in both group A and B. There was a significant reduction of thrombosis time in group A [(15.6±2.0) minutes] when compared with that in group B [(22.3±2.5) minutes] (Plt;0.001). The levels of D-dimer in group A two hours after operation [(209.0±24.0) ng/mL] increased significantly compared with that before the operation [(68.4±5.7) ng/mL](Plt;0.001); while the same condition was found in group B [(215.4±17.6) ng/mL vs (72.7±6.4) ng/mL] (Plt;0.001). No thrombus was found in group C. Conclusion Stable MVT model with controllable thrombotic range can be established by regional vein blockade plus thrombin injection. Plasma D-dimer levels before and after model establishment could be as a parameter for assessing the experiment.