ObjectiveTo analyze the clinical characteristics and measures of diagnosis and treatment of renal transplant recipients complicated with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP), in order to provide basis for prevention and treatment.MethodsThe clinical data of 82 renal transplant recipients complicated with PCP admitted to the West China Hospital of Sichuan University from January 2016 to December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsThe median time from transplantation to diagnosis of PCP was 3.50 (2.78, 8.27) months, and 57 cases (69.51%) were occurred within 6 months. The main clinical manifestations were fever, cough and shortness of breath, and chest CT scan mainly showed ground-glass opacity and patchy shadows. The laboratory examination showed a decrease of lymphocyte, increased high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and (1-3)-beta-D glucan. All 82 patients (100%) were complicated with bacterial, virus infections or other fungal infections. The median time of diagnosis, treatment and hospital stay was 6.00 (3.00, 8.25) d, 20.00 (12.75, 32.25) d, 26.50 (20.75, 39.00) d, respectively. Sixty-six cases (80.49%) were discharged with effective treatment, yet 14 cases (17.07%) suffered a failed treatment and 2 cases (2.44%) died.ConclusionsThe incidence of PCP infection was highest within the first 6 months after renal transplantation, and multiple infections tend to easily occured. Early diagnosis should be made in combined with clinical manifestations, laboratory and imaging examinations, and individualized treatment should be taken early.