ObjectiveTo study the influence of infection in incision of abdominal wall on peritoneal adhesion. MethodsOne hundred and twenty white rats were divided into low, medium, high concentration (LC, MC, HC) groups and control group, 30 rats each, and were made animal models of abdominal incision infection, then were respectively given hypodermic injections in incisional wound of 0.2 ml quantitative mixture of Escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus and pseudomonas aeruginosa in the concentration of 1×102, 1×105 and 1×108 cfu/ml. While the control group,normal saline was given. All the subjects were killed 8 days after operation and compared the peritoneal adhesion among the four groups.ResultsInfection rate of the incisional wounds was 81.48%, 86.67%, 90.00% and 50.00% respectively in LC, MC, HC and the control, peritoneal adhesion rate was 53.33%, 60.00%, 70.00% and 26.67% respectively. There was significant difference between LC and the control (P＜0.05), between MC or HC and the control (P＜0.01). While no difference was among LC, MC and HC (P＞0.05).Conclusion Infection of incision may increase peritoneal adhesion which might not be closely related to the number of the bacteria. This suggests that the prevention of infection plays an important role in preventing peritoneal adhesion.