ObjectiveTo summarize the application status and progress of indocyanine green fluorescence imaging in laparoscopic anatomic liver resection , and to analyze its advantages, limitations, and prospects.MethodThe literatures about indocyanine green fluorescence imaging in laparoscopic anatomic liver resection were reviewed.ResultsIndocyanine green fluorescence imaging had been preliminarily used in the operation of liver tumors and had shown its unique value in the anatomical liver resection, providing a new way to reduce the recurrence of liver cancer, improve the therapeutic effect, and prolong the survival time of patients.ConclusionsThe clinical application of indocyanine green fluorescence imaging in anatomic liver resection is still at the stage of development and popularization. Although it has unique advantages and development potential, it needs to be further improved in the aspects of tissue penetration, specificity, and staining success rate.
ObjectiveTo investigate the predictive value of preoperative red blood cell distribution width to platelet count ratio (RPR) and platelet-albumin-bilirubin (PALBI) scoring for postoperative complications after radical resection of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis (HAE). MethodsAccording to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the clinicopathologic data of patients diagnosed with HAE and underwent radical hepatectomy in the Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University from January 2018 to October 2022 were retrospectively collected. The risk factors affecting postoperative complications after radical hepatectomy for HAE were analyzed by univariate and multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis, which were used to construct the nomogram. The receiver operating characteristic curve was used to evaluate the value in predicting postoperative complications by nomogram model. The discrimination of the nomogram was evaluated using Bootstrap internal 1 000 resampling and evaluated using a consistency index. The predicted postoperative complications probability by nomogram and actual postoperative complications probability were calculated by Kaplan-Meier method, and the calibration curve was drawn. The calibration ability of the nomogram model was evaluated by Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test. The decision curve analysis was used to evaluate clinical benefit of the nomogram model. ResultsA total of 160 patients with HAE radical hepatectomy were included, of which 105 had no postoperative complications and 55 had postoperative complications. The multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that the operation time ≥207 min, intraoperative bleeding ≥650 mL, and albumin ＜38 g/L, RPR ≥0.054, and higher PALBI grading (3 levels) were the risk factors affecting postoperative complications after HAE radical hepatectomy (OR＞1, P<0.05). Based on the risk factors, the nomogram was constructed. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (95%CI) predicted by the nomogram for the postoperative complications was 0.873 (0.808, 0.937), with an optimal cutoff value of 0.499. The consistency index was 0.855 for discriminating postoperative complications after HAE radical hepatectomy. The calibration curve was tested by Hosmer-Limeshow and showed a good fit between the predicted curve by the nomogram and actual curve (χ2=3.193, P=0.367), indicating that the nomogram had a good calibration ability. The decision curve analysis showed that there was a good clinical applicability within the range of 11% to 93% of the threshold probability. ConclusionsThe preoperative RPR and PALBI scoring are risk factors affecting postoperative complications after radical hepatectomy for HAE. The nomogram constructed with risk factors including RPR and PALBI has a good predictive value for postoperative complications after radical hepatectomy for HAE.
ObjectiveTo summarize and analyze the application of ex vivo liver resection and autotransplantation (ELRA) in the treatment of hepatobiliary diseases. MethodThe related literature about ELRA used to treat various hepatobiliary space-occupyingdiseases at home and abroad in recent years was comprehensively searched and summarized. ResultsELRA had overcome the limitations of limited operational space in traditional surgery for the treatment of hepatobiliary space-occupying diseases reduced dependence on donor livers, and avoided post-transplant rejection. It had been applied in the treatment of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis, liver cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, and rare liver space-occupying diseases. ConclusionsWith the maturation of ELRA techniques and the continuous improvement of ex vivo liver perfusion technology, along with rigorous preoperative evaluation and meticulous postoperative management, postoperative complications of ELRA have significantly decreased compared to the initial stages of its application. By strictly adhering to surgical indications, this procedure is expected to be used treatment in an increasing number of hepatobiliary space-occupying diseases.
ObjectiveTo comprehend the current diagnosis status and new progress of hepatic echinococcosis (HE). MethodThe literature from domestic and foreign researchers relevant diagnosis of HE in recent years was searched and summarized. ResultsThe HE was widely distributed worldwide, with extremely high mortality and disability rates, posing a serious threat to local economic development and public health. At present, in addition to the traditional and widely recognized diagnostic methods based on epidemiological histories, clinical manifestations, routine imaging, and experimental examinations, many innovative technologies based on these traditional diagnostic methods had emerged in the field of HE diagnosis, such as diagnostic prediction models constructed based on ultrasound and other imaging data, artificial intelligence, three-dimensional visual reconstruction, and circulating free DNA testing, which significantly improved the diagnosis rate of the HE. ConclusionsIn recent years, with the continuous improvement of medical level, the in-depth and perfect exploration of HE has made remarkable progress, which not only provides a new possibility for the early diagnosis of the HE, but also provides an important basis for research in related fields and the formulation of prevention and control measures. Therefore, the further promotion and application of these new techniques will aid to promote the diagnosis progress of HE and reduce its impact on population health.
Objective To detect and analize the expressions and it’s clinical significance of apoptosis factors in hepatic alveolar echinococcosis tissues by using antibody chip technology. Methods The liver tissue specimens (including the edge of lesions and normal liver tissues) of surgical resection of 6 patients with hepatic alveolar echinococcosis in Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University were collected. The tissue protein was extracted and the level of apoptosis was detected by antibody chip technology. The data were analyzed by AAH-APO-G1 software. Results The expression levels of 5 kinds of apoptosis factors (Bad, Fas, IGFBP-3, P21 and XIAP) in the liver tissues of the marginal zone of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis were compared with that of the normal liver tissues, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The expression levels of Bad, Fas, IGFBP-3 and P21 were up-regulated, and the expression level of XIAP was down regulated. Conclusions Apoptosis-related factors play a role in the progression of the hepatic alveolar echinococcosis, there may be contact with the immune escape mechanisms, while promote apoptosis factor and inhibitory apoptosis factor that may exist the function imbalance, so more in-depth exploration the mechanism of apoptosis factors on hepatic alveolar echinococcosis in diagnosis and treatment have important significance.
Objective To summarize the nutritional assessment methods for liver cancer patients and their development, and to provide reference for rationally nutritional assessment and nutritional support. Method Domestic and foreign literatures were searched to summarize the nutritional assessment methods for liver cancer patients and their development, in order to determine a practical and feasible assessment method. Results The evaluation validity of traditionally nutritional assessment methods which contained many individual indicators was low. But subjective global assessment (SGA), mini nutritional assessment (MNA), and nutritional risk screening 2002 (NRS-2002) had similar evaluation validity, this 3 kinds of nutritional assessment methods were more suitable for liver cancer patients compared with the traditionally nutritional assessment methods. Conclusion The clinician should simultaneously apply SGA, MNA, NRS-2002, and other comprehensively nutritional assessment methods, as well as related anthropometric and laboratory indexes, to get a more accurate assessment of the nutritional status for patients with liver cancer.
Objective To explore the influence on the expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) gene in hepatocellular carcinoma of SMMC-7721 cells with RNA interference (RNAi) silencing the expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) gene. Methods Firstly, constructed short hairpin RNA (shRNA) targeting for HIF-1α gene, and then transfected it to SMMC-7721 cells after combining with plasmid. The SMMC-7721 cells were divided into three groups, silencing group, negative control group, and blank control group, which were transfected with HIF-1α-shRNA-pGenesil-1 recombinant vector, shRNA-HK-pGenesil-1 recombinant vector, and pGenesil-1 vector respectively. Transfection cells were screened by the concentration of 500 μg/mL G418, and then positive and negative cell clones with transfection recombination carrier were obtained. Detected the expressions of HIF-1α mRNA, VEGF mRNA, and MMP-2 mRNA in the 3 groups with real time PCR (RT-PCR) technology, under the condition of hypoxic training 6 h, 12 h, and 24 h, as well as conventional oxygen training. Results There was no expression of HIF-1α mRNA at conventional oxygen condition in the 3 groups, and there was no significant difference in expressions of VEGF mRNA and MMP-2 mRNA among the 3 groups (P>0.05) at the condition of conventional oxygen training. The expressions of HIF-1α mRNA, VEGF mRNA, and MMP-2 mRNA in the silencing group, compared with the the negative control group and the blank control group, were obviously decreased (P<0.05) under the condition of hypoxic training (6, 12, and 24 h), while there was no significant difference between the negative control group and the blank control group at each time point (P>0.05), but the expressions of HIF-1α mRNA, VEGF mRNA, and MMP-2 mRNA in the 3 groups under every condition of hypoxic training were all higher than those of conventional oxygen condition (P<0.05). Under the condition of hypoxic training, the expressions of HIF-1α mRNA, VEGF mRNA, and MMP-2 mRNA in the 3 groups decreased over time, and there was significant difference between any 2 time points in each group (P<0.05). Conclusion RNAi technique can effectively silence the expression of HIF-1α mRNA of SMMC-7721 cells, and then silence the expressions of VEGF and MMP-2 mRNA, to inhibit the invasion and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Objective To analyze the clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of bone hydatid disease in China by literature review. Methods We searched the databases of China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wanfang for case reports of bone hydatid disease published from 2000 to 2015 in China. Data were extracted by using a standardized form and a retrospective clinical analysis was performed. Results A total of 21 relevant literatures published from 2000 to 2015 were included, including 87 cases of bone hydatid disease treated from 1975 to 2015. The regional distribution of bone hydatid disease was mainly concentrated in the animal husbandry areas in China. In terms of diagnosis basis, imaging examination was mentioned in 54 cases (62.1%), laboratory examination was mentioned in 32 cases (36.8%), and pathologic examination was mentioned in 8 cases (9.2%), etc. Surgical treatment was the main treatment, and some treatments were combined with chemotherapy. The outcomes of bone hydatid disease were relatively poor. In the 44 cases whose outcomes were reported, 26 cases (59.1%) had recurrence, 18 cases were cured (40.9%), 10 cases (22.7%) underwent re-operation, and 2 cases (4.5%) died. Conclusions Bone hydatid disease is rare. Surgical treatment is still the main method for treating bone hydatid disease. The rate of recurrence of bone hydatidosis is relatively high, so it is very important to explore new methods for diagnosis and treatment of bone hydatid disease.
Objective To investigate safety and therapeutic effect of total pancreatectomy plus splenectomy for patient with pancreatic cancer. Methods The preoperative clinical data, surgical treatment, and postoperative conditions of 1 patient with pancreatic cancer who underwent the total pancreatectomy plus splenectomy in the Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University in January 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Results Combination of the patient clinical history, physical examination, laboratory and radiologic results, the patient was diagnosed with the pancreatic cancer. Then the patient underwent the Whipple procedure. During the operation, it was found that the texture of the pancreas was hard, and the spleen arteriovenous were considered to be invaded, and the multiple frozen section analysis during the operation showed that the surgical margin was positive. Eventually, the total pancreatectomy plus splenectomy was performed. The postoperative pathological analysis results revealed to the well-moderately differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma. When the condition of patient became stable, the pancreatin and insulin were required for long time. No severe complications occurred. The patient survived well after the surgery and no recurrence was observed for following-up of 3 months. Conclusion With improvement of surgical techniques and enhancement of postoperative management, total pancreatectomy can be used as a treatment for pancreatic cancer and it is still safe and feasible.