ObjectiveTo summarize the clinical application and research status of bioactive glass (BAG) in bone repair.MethodsThe recently published literature concerning BAG in bone repair at home and abroad was reviewed and summarized.ResultsBAG has been widely used in clinical bone repair with a favorable effectiveness. In the experimental aspect, to meet different clinical application needs, BAG has been prepared in different forms, such as particles, prosthetic coating, drug and biological factor delivery system, bone cement, and scaffold. And the significant progress has been made.ConclusionBAG has been well studied in the field of bone repair due to its excellent bone repair performance, and it is expected to become a new generation of bone repair material.
Ultra-rapid cooling and rewarming rate is a critical technical approach to achieve ice-free cells during the freezing and melting process. A set of ultra-rapid solid surface freeze-thaw visualization system was developed based on a sapphire flim, and experiments on droplet freeze-thaw were carried out under different cryoprotectant components, volumes and laser energies. The results showed that the cooling rate of 1 μL mixed cryoprotectant [1.5 mol/L propylene glycol (PG) + 1.5 mol/L ethylene glycol (EG) + 0.5 mol/L trehalose (TRE)] could be 9.2×103 °C/min. The volume range of 1–8 μL droplets could be vitrified. After comparing the proportions of multiple cryoprotectants, the combination of equal proportion mixed permeability protectant and trehalose had the best vitrification freezing effect and more uniform crystallization characteristics. During the rewarming operation, the heating curve of glassy droplets containing gold nanoparticles was measured for the first time under the action of 400–1 200 W laser power, and the rewarming rate was up to the order of 106 °C/min. According to the droplet images of different power rewarming processes, the laser power range for ice-free rewarming with micron-level resolution was clarified to be 1 400–1 600 W. The work of this paper simultaneously realizes the ultra-high-speed temperature ramp-up, transient visual observation and temperature measurement of droplets, providing technical means for judging the ice free droplets during the freeze-thaw process. It is conducive to promoting the development of ultra-rapid freeze-thaw technology for biological cells and tissues.