Autoimmune ocular diseases are a type of inflammatory eye condition characterized by the involvement of the immune response. This includes various types disease such as autoimmune uveitis, thyroid-associated eye disease, and primary Sjögren's syndrome. In recent years, breakthroughs have been achieved in inducing transplant tolerance, understanding tumor immune evasion, and preventing autoimmune diseases using immune checkpoint molecules. Negative immune checkpoints effectively control disease progression by inhibiting T cell proliferation, reducing inflammatory cytokine levels, and ultimately regulating autoimmune balance. Therefore, the negative immune checkpoint molecules are expected to be used as a new therapeutic target in the future, and the combination therapy through the combination of negative immune checkpoint drugs is expected to become an important direction to improve the efficacy of the treatment of autoimmune diseases.