ObjectiveTo analyze the clinical characteristics of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) complicated with intracranial infection and to explore the nursing countermeasures. MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the clinical features, laboratory examination indexes, and nursing methods of 12 AIDS patients complicated with intracranial infection between January and December 2010. ResultsIn the 12 patients, 8 were male, 4 were female; 11 were married and 1 was unmarried. The first symptom of headache occurred in 8 patients, and feverin 4 patients. Detection of HIV-1P24 antigen in all the 12 patients with HIV was positive for nucleic acid analysis. After treatment and symptomatic care, 3 cases were cured, 3 quit the treatment voluntarily, 2 improved patients were transferred to a higher-level hospital, 3 patients were readmitted to our hospital after improvement of the situation, and 1 patient died. ConclusionThe most common symptom of AIDS was neural disease. The diagnosis should be based on clinical manifestations, and the epidemiological data should be used as reference. At the same time, attention should be paid to the admission assessment and good occupation protection, health education promotion, improvement of patients' quality of life, and reduction of the incidence of complications and mortality rate.
ObjectiveTo summarize the clinical features of an adult patient with occult cerebral alveolar echinococcosis with liver and lung infection. MethodsA Tibetan male patient in his middle age from the epidemic area of echinococcosis infection was diagnosed to have liver, lung and cerebral alveolar echinococcosis infection in Ganzi People's Hospital. He had the resection surgery, and the pathological result confirmed the primary diagnosis. We searched the literatures from January 1985 to December 2015 for occult cerebral alveolar echinococcosis and reviewed all the full texts in China Journal Full-text Database. Seventeen articles were qualified and 42 patients were reported. Combining with the relevant English literature using Medline, we analyzed the epidemic, pathophysiological and clinical manifestations of cerebral alveolar echinococcosis infection and explored the methods of prevention and treatment. ResultsAccording to the results of literature analysis, cerebral alveolar echinococcosis appeared often secondary to infection of other organs. Nervous system symptom concealed or progressed slowly; imaging and pathological tests were important for diagnosis. Resection surgery was the essential method of cure. ConclusionAlveolar echinococcosis can affect multiple organs. In patients without neurological symptoms, if other organs are found to be infected, it is important to screen patients with intracranial involvement. Because this kind of patients with intracranial lesions with hydatid are often secondary to other organ infection, active treatment in early phase is necessary in order to avoid further expansion of lesions and metastasis.
ObjectiveTo establish a method that can eliminate the pollution of endogenous nucleic acid in the real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) reaction system, which can be used to reduce or eliminate the false positive rate of real-time PCR assay in detection of postoperative intracranial bacteria infection.MethodsAt first, eliminated the pollution of endogenous nucleic acid in the real-time PCR reaction system. Then, with mixed bacteria DNA as a template, multiple PCR was used to specifically identify the gram-negative bacteria. Meanwhile, evaluated the text line and sensitivity of the multiple PCR after eliminating pollution in detecting the DNA of the mixed bacteria.ResultsThe method established could quickly eliminate the pollution of endogenous nucleic acid in the real-time PCR reaction system, and it didn’t affect the Taq enzyme activity and the amplification efficiency in PCR system, with the minimum detection limit of 102 CFU/mL (Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa), which was the same to the culture method. The enzyme cutting method had no significant effect on the activity and amplification efficiency of the enzyme in PCR system, It had no effect on PCR reaction system and primer specificity (Ct=32, ΔRn=200). However, the filtration method significantly reduced the PCR amplification efficiency (Ct=32, ΔRn=150).ConclusionsThis method can easily and rapidly eliminate the pollution of endogenous nucleic acid in the real-time PCR reaction system, and greatly reduce the false positive of PCR detection. It is able to timely and accurately diagnose the intracranial bacteria infection, which is significant for clinical testing.
Intracranial Acinetobacter baumannii infection is a rare clinical disease with a gradual increase in incidence and extremely high mortality. With the continuous enhancement of bacterial resistance, more and more intracranial infections of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii have appeared in the clinic, and its treatment has become a major challenge and problem faced by neurosurgeons. The treatment difficulties include the selection, usage and dosage of antimicrobial agents, as well as whether cerebrospinal fluid drainage is needed. A standardized treatment plan is still needed. In this paper, combining domestic and foreign literature, the treatment of intracranial infection of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii will be reviewed in order to provide a reference for clinical treatment.