Objective To identify the correlative symptoms of breast cancer patients and their influence on quality of life. Methods The cross-sectional study was used. A face-to-face survey was administered to 200 breast cancer patients, using two scales: ① Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale(MSA); ② European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Core Quality-of-Life Questionnaire (Version 3) [EORTIC QLQ-C30]. Results The top five most highly prevalent symptoms were: lack of energy, hair loss, nervousness, sweating and worry. The five most frequent symptoms were: lack of energy, difficulty in sleeping, dry mouth, lack of appetite and sweating. The five most severe symptoms were: hair loss, lack of energy, difficulty in sleeping, nervousness and a change in food preference. The top five symptoms causing much distress were: hair loss, a feeling of“I don’t look like myself”, difficulty in sleeping, lack of appetite and lack of energy. The major factors influencing quality of life were: lack of energy, worry, pain, difficulty in sleeping, constipation, irritability, dry mouth, sweating, numbness/tingling in hands/feet, changes in skin, diarrhea, nausea, lack of appetite, and shortness of breath. Adjusted R square was 0.790. Conclusions The most conspicuous symptom in breast cancer patients is lack of energy. The symptom that distresses patients most is hair loss. The other notable symptoms are: “I don’t look like myself”, difficulty in sleeping, and lack of appetite. In addition, the quality of life is influenced by fourteen symptoms, and these symptoms account for 79.0% of the variance in quality of life.