Objective To Analyze the high risk factors correlated to the perioperative complications of patients with lung cancer, aiming to study their predictive value on surgical safety and guide the perioperative treatment. Methods The clinical experience of 452 lung cancer patients undergone operation from June 2000 to May 2006 were retrospectively study. The risk factors which closely related to the occurrence of postoperative complications were analyze by multivariate statistical analysis with logistic regression. Results The operative mortality was 0.66%（3/452）, and the incidence rate of postoperative complications was 8.85%(40/452), including pulmonary infection, pulmonary atelectasis, arrhythmia, respiratory function failure, empyema, bronchopleural fistula, thoracic bleeding, etc. Multivariate statistical analysis with logistic regression demonstrated that the risk factors which closely related to the occurrence of postoperative complications were age over 70 year (OR=17.823), smoking index over 400 piece year(OR=5.666), concomitance with diseases of vital organs(OR=8.290), modus operandi of pneumonectomy(OR=7.991), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1.0%)≤60% (OR=0.922). Conclusion To evaluate above factors of lung cancer patients before operation, the probability of postoperative complications occurrence can be roughly forecasted. This can provide actively clinical guide to help the patients overcome the perioperation successfully and to increase the safety of surgery.