【摘要】 目的 了解原发性良性阵发性位置性眩晕（benign paroxysmal positional vertigo，BPPV）的双温试验及纯音测听结果临床特点。 方法 2009年6月—2010年6月诊断为原发性BPPV患者54例，于手法复位前行双温试验及纯音听阈测试，分析原发性BPPV患者的双温试验、纯音测听结果的临床特点。 结果 40例患耳无半规管轻瘫，其病程为（4.25±2.75）周，14例患耳半规管轻瘫，其病程为（9.21±5.85）周，两组间平均病程差异具有统计学意义（t=4.235，Plt;0.05）；39例后半规管BPPV中11例患耳半规管轻瘫，15例水平半规管BPPV中3例患耳半规管轻瘫，两组患耳半规管轻瘫发生率无统计学意义（χ2=2.679，Pgt;0.05）；39例后半规管BPPV中16例患耳听力下降，15例水平半规管BPPV中7例患耳听力下降，两组患耳纯音测听异常率无明显统计学差异（χ2=0.141，Pgt;0.05）。 结论 原发性后半规管BPPV与水平半规管BPPV半规管轻瘫及纯音听阈异常发生率相近，病程长者更易出现半规管轻瘫。【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the clinical features of results of bithermal test and pure tone test for patients with idiopathic benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), and discuss strategies for prevention. Methods A total of 54 patients diagnosed to have BPPV during June 2009 to June 2010 underwent bithermal caloric test and pure tone test before particle repositioning maneuver. Then, we analyzed the clinical features of the test results. Results The course of 40 patients with canal paresis (CP) was (4.25±2.75) weeks, which had a significant difference from the course of 14 patients with CP in the abnormal side, which was (9.21±5.85) weeks (t=4.235, Plt;0.05). Among the 39 patients with posterior semicircular canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (PSC-BPPV), 11 cases of canal paresis were found in the abnormal ear, and of the 15 patients with horizontal semicircular canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (HSC-BPPV), 3 cases of canal paresis were found. There was no statistical difference in the rate of canal paresis between the two groups of patients mentioned above (χ2=2.679,Pgt;0.05). Sixteen out of the 39 PSC-BPPV patients and seven out of the 15 HSC-BPPV patients had hearing loss (HL) in the abnormal ear with no statistical difference between the two groups of patients in the incidence of hearing loss (χ2=0.141,Pgt;0.05). Conclusion The incidence of CP and HL in the abnormal ear of patients with HSC-BPPV and PSC-BPPV is similar, and patients with long course of disease are more likely to have CP.
目的 探讨儿童气道异物的诊断、治疗及并发症发生的原因，以减少误诊及降低并发症的发生率。 方法 回顾分析2009年1月－2010年8月经病史、症状、体征及辅助检查（胸部X线检查或CT扫描）初诊为气道异物的317例患儿的临床资料。所有患儿均行支气管镜检查，明确有异物者行异物取出术，对术中、术后并发症的原因和处理方法进行总结。 结果 本组患者中有105例（33.1%）患儿曾被误诊为支气管肺炎或其他呼吸系统疾病，经支气管镜检及异物取出术后，出现并发症者共35例，包括：喉痉挛8例（22.8%），支气管痉挛6例（17.1%），支气管黏膜出血12 例（34.3%），皮下气肿8例（22.8%），死亡1例（2.8%）。 结论 儿童气道异物一经确诊或高度怀疑，应尽快行支气管镜检查，以保持呼吸道通畅。手术操作应轻柔准确，并注意观察患儿全身状况，是减少并发症的关键。