目的 总结阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者手术配合经验。 方法 对2006年1月－2011年11月259例阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者实施改良腭咽成形术的临床资料及护理措施进行回顾性分析。 结果 259例患者顺利完成手术，未发生呼吸道梗阻及大出血。随访4~9年，治愈158例( 61.0%) ，显效73 例(28.2%)，有效28例( 10.8%)。 结论 针对性的围手术期护理有助于保留悬雍垂改良腭咽成形术的顺利进行，减少手术后并发症，提高治疗效果。
Immunotherapy is an important treatment method in tumor therapy. Among them, programmed death-1/programmed death ligand-1 inhibitors are the immune preparations with mature application and great survival benefit at present. Programmed death-1/programmed death ligand-1 inhibitors brought better clinical benefits to patients with esophageal cancer and provided more favorable choice for the treatment of esophageal cancer. This article introduces the mechanism of action, application in esophageal cancer, and efficacy predictors of programmed death protein-1/programmed death protein ligand-1 inhibitors, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the more rational use of programmed death protein-1/programmed death protein ligand-1 inhibitors in patients with esophageal cancer.