目的 研究薏苡仁水提液对受辐射小鼠外周血白细胞、骨髓有核细胞数量及微核率变化的影响，并检测白细胞介素（IL）-1、IL-2、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）基因的变化以探讨其抗辐射损伤的作用机制。 方法 用薏苡仁水提液在受辐射前后对小鼠进行灌胃，对辐射后小鼠外周血白细胞、骨髓有核细胞计数，计算微核率，逆转录-聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）检测IL-1、IL-2、SOD基因的变化，对实验结果进行统计学分析。 结果 随薏苡仁水提液剂量的加大，受照射小鼠骨髓有核细胞数不断增多，且微核数呈降低趋势；高剂量组与空白对照组相比，照射后第7天小鼠外周血白细胞数差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05），且3个剂量组外周血白细胞数均高于辐射对照组，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）；薏苡仁水提液高、中剂量组IL-1、IL-2、SOD基因的相对表达量均高于空白对照组和辐射对照组（P＜0.01）。 结论 薏苡仁水提液可能具有促使骨髓有核细胞快速释放、加快外周血白细胞数量恢复进度的作用，且具有降低受辐射小鼠骨髓有核细胞和外周血淋巴细胞微核率的作用；再者，薏苡仁水提液可上调受辐射小鼠机体SOD、IL-1、IL-2的表达水平，具有增强自由基清除、抗辐射和免疫保护调节的作用。
【摘要】 目的 制备小鼠肾炎模型并观察双氢青蒿素（dihydroartemisinine，DHA）对模型小鼠细胞因子肿瘤坏死因子-α（tunor necrosis factor，TNF-α）和白细胞介素-6（inter leukin-6，IL-6）的影响以及小鼠肾脏的病理变化。 方法 取雄性昆明种小鼠120只， 随机分为正常对照组、脂多糖（lipopolysaccharides，LPS）组、LPS+肾匀浆组及DHA治疗组；分别于12、24、48 h取血，酶联免疫吸附试验检测血清中TNF-α和IL-6的含量，苏木精-伊红染色法观察小鼠肾脏的病理变化。 结果 造模48 h LPS+肾匀浆组小鼠肾小球出现炎性细胞浸润，而正常对照组未见异常；LPS组及 DHA治疗组仅有轻微的病理改变。LPS刺激使小鼠血清TNF-α和IL-6含量高于正常水平（Plt;0.01），但有随时间不断下降的趋势；LPS+肾匀浆组较正常对照组TNF-α和IL-6含量升高（Plt;0.01）；DHA可显著下调模型小鼠血清TNF-α的水平（Plt;0.01），但对IL-6的影响相对较小（Pgt;0.05）。 结论 运用改良的造模方法LPS+肾匀浆建立肾炎模型效果良好；DHA可以调节模型小鼠炎症因子TNF-α和IL-6的释放，具有一定的改善模型小鼠肾炎症状的作用。【Abstract】 Objective To establish mice nephritis models, detect the serum level changes of cytokines tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the model mice treated by Dihydroartemisinin (DHA), and observe the physiological changes of the mice kidneys. Methods One hundred and twenty male Kunming mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group, lipopolysaccharides (LPS) group, LPS plus kidney homogenate group, and DHA treated group. The level of cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 in the serum were detected by enzyme-linked immunoabsordent assey at hour 12, 24, and 48, respectively. Pathological changes were observed by hematoxylin: eosin staining. Results At the time hour 48 after the establishment of the model, inflammatory cell infiltration was observed in the glomerulus of the LPS plus kidney homogenate group, but no abnormality was found in the control group. There were only slight pathological changes in mice models of the LPS group and the DHA treated group. The serum level of TNF-α and IL-6 increased remarkably after the treatment of LPS (Plt;0.01), but declined as time went by. The level of TNF-α and IL-6 increased significantly in LPS plus kidney homogenate group compared with the control group (Plt;0.01). DHA could significantly decrease the TNF-α level in the serum (Plt;0.01), but had a low influence on IL-6 (Pgt;0.05). Conclusion The modified LPS plus kidney homogenate has a good result in model establishing. DHA can regulate the release of TNF-α and IL-6 in the model mice, and may have certain good effects on ameliorating the nephritis pathological changes.
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive low-current brain stimulation technique, which is mainly based on the different polarity of electrode stimulation to make the activation threshold of neurons different, thereby regulating the excitability of the cerebral cortex. In this paper, healthy subjects were randomly divided into three groups: anodal stimulation group, cathodal stimulation group and sham stimulation group, with 5 subjects in each group. Then, the performance data of the three groups of subjects were recorded before and after stimulation to test their mental rotation ability, and resting state and task state electroencephalogram (EEG) data were collected. Finally, through comparative analysis of the behavioral data and EEG data of the three groups of subjects, the effect of electrical stimulation of different polarities on the three-dimensional mental rotation ability was explored. The results of the study found that the correct response time/accuracy rate and the accuracy rate performance of the anodal stimulation group were higher than those of the cathodal stimulation and sham stimulation groups, and there was a significant difference (P < 0.05). The alpha wave power analysis found that the mental rotation mainly activates the frontal lobe, central area, parietal lobe and occipital lobe. In the anodal stimulation group, the alpha wave power changed significantly in the frontal lobe and occipital lobe (P < 0.05). The results of this paper show that anodal stimulation group can improve the mental rotation ability of the subjects to a certain extent. The results of this paper can provide important theoretical support for further research on the mechanism of tDCS on mental rotation ability.
Cognitive enhancement refers to the technology of enhancing or expanding the cognitive and emotional abilities of people without psychosis based on relevant knowledge of neurobiology. The common methods of cognitive enhancement include transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and cognitive training (CT). tDCS takes effect quickly, with a short effective time, while CT takes longer to work, requiring several weeks of training, with a longer effective time. In recent years, some researchers have begun to use the method of tDCS combined with CT to regulate the cognitive function. This paper will sort out and summarize this topic from five aspects: perception, attention, working memory, decision-making and other cognitive abilities. Finally, the application prospect and challenges of technology are prospected.