【摘要】 目的 评价大分割适形放射治疗对腹膜后软组织肿瘤术后患者的治疗作用。 方法 对1998年10月-2003年4月收治的16例腹膜后软组织急性肿瘤术后患者行大分割适形放射治疗，设计临床靶区等效生物剂量为55～62 Gy，观察放疗后2、5年局部控制率、生存率和无病生存情况。 结果 2、5年局部控制率较未行放疗患者明显提高并和其他放射治疗方式达到较高治疗剂量者近似；远期生存无改善，无病生存率较未行放疗患者有提高。 结论 大分割适形放射治疗方式对腹膜后软组织急性肿瘤术后患者有较好的局部控制作用，无瘤生存率有提高，远期生存无改善，无严重的远期放疗后遗症。【Abstract】 Objective To observe the effect of high-dose three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy combined with surgery on primary retroperitoneal soft tissue sarcoma. Methods A total of 16 patients with primary retroperitoneal soft tissue sarcoma underwent high-dose three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy after sarcoma excision from October 1998 to April 2003. The biologically effective dose was 55-62 Gy for CTV. The local control rate and long-term survival rate and disease free survival after 2 and 5 years were observed. Results The local control rate obviously raised in these patients after 2 and 5 years; but the long-term survival rate didn’t improve and the disease free survival improved in these patients compared with those wasn’t radiated. Conclusion High-dose three-dinensional comfomal radiotherapy is effective on the patients with retroperitoneal soft tissue sarcoma in local control rate and disease free survival, but long-term survival rate is not improved and the side-effect is not serious.