【摘要】 目的 观察综合疗法治疗大龄儿童弱视的疗效。 方法 回顾分析2008年1月-2010年10月在我院初诊并经综合治疗的8～13岁弱视儿童62例85只眼的临床资料。治疗前最佳矫正视力0.1~0.7，平均0.46±0.17。观察患者经弱视综合治疗后视力、空间对比敏感度及立体视提升效果。 结果 治疗后视力正常22例31只眼（36.5%），进步29例39只眼（45.9%），无效11例15只眼（17.6%）；总有效率82.4%，与治疗前相比，差异有统计学意义（Plt;0.001）。空间对比敏感度基本正常11例16只眼（18.8%），进步43例58只眼（68.2%），无效8例11只眼（12.9%）。弱视眼在1.5、3、6三个低空间频率的对比敏感度值与治疗前相比提升有统计学意义（Plt;0.001）；在12和18两个高空间频率，对比敏感度值与治疗前相比提升无统计学意义（Pgt;0.05）。立体视锐度正常12例（19.4%），进步26例（41.9%），无效24例（38.7%），立体视锐度与治疗前相比提升具有统计学意义（Plt;0.001）。 结论 综合疗法治疗大龄儿童弱视能取得令人较为满意的疗效，患儿视力显著提升，低到中等频率空间对比敏感度及立体视锐度也有较大提升。【Abstract】 Objective To explore the therapeutic effect of comprehensive therapy on elder children with amblyopia. Methods The clinical data of 62 patients (85 eyes) with amblyopia who underwent the comprehensive therapy between January 2008 and October 2010 were retrospectively analyzed. The best-corrected visual acuity was 0.1-0.7 (mean 0.46±0.17) before the treatment. The visual acuity, spatial contrast sensitivity and stereoacuity of the patients after the treatment were observed. Results After the comprehensive therapy, the visual acuity was normal in 22 patients (31 eyes, 36.5%), improved in 29 patients (39 eyes, 45.9%), invalid in 11 patients (15 eyes, 17.6%). The total effective rate was 82.4% which was differed significantly from that before the treatment (Plt;0.001). The spatial contrast sensitivity was almost normal in 11 patients (16 eyes, 18.8%), improved in 43 patients (58 eyes, 68.2%), and invalid in 8 patients (11 eyes, 12.9%). The examination of spatial contrast sensitivity showed that the improvement was only statistically significant when frequency equates 1.5, 3, or 6 (Plt;0.001) compared with those before the treatment; while no statistically significant improvement was observed in higher frequencies of 12, 18 (Pgt;0.05). The stereoacuity was normal in 12 patients (19.4%), improved in 26 (41.9%), and invalid in 24 (38.7%); the difference in stereoacuity before and after the treatment was significant (Plt;0.001). Conclusion The therapeutic effect of comprehensive therapy is good: the visual acuity of the patients improves obviously, and the low to middle spatial contrast sensitivity and stereoacuity improve apparently.
Early onset and high incidence of myopia has caused great concern of the Party and the Government. On August 30th 2018, eight ministries and commissions, such as the Ministry of Education, jointly issued the Comprehensive Prevention and Control Implementation Scheme of Child and Adolescent Myopia, which put forward the actions and specific measures to various aspects, and particularly mentioned that the medical and health institutions should work together with families, schools, etc, to reduce the incidence of myopia. Medical institutions should do a good job in the following items: setting up visual archives for adolescents, so as to prevent and control myopia with pertinence and individualization; standardizing the process of diagnosis and treatment, doing a good job in refractive examination and correction of adolescents, and resolutely combating the commercial "treatment and correction" of myopia; strengthening myopia-related health education, and eliminating erroneous understanding to myopia prevention and control. Optometrists should play an important role in the prevention and control of myopia, speed up the cultivation of optometry talents, and call on the state to establish a professional title system and professional access standards for optometry talents as soon as possible.
Objective To investigate the influence of undercorrected orthokeratology on myopia control, and the correlation between target and central corneal epithelial damage. Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 22 undercorrected orthokeratology lens wearers (37 eyes) from January 2016 to February 2017, and 25 full corrected wearers (47 eyes) during the concurrent period were randomly selected as the control group. The changes of axial length before and after orthokeratology lens wearing and the within-6-month central corneal epithelial damage after orthokeratology lens wearing were analyzed. Results The average annual increase of axial length was (0.13±0.15) mm in the undercorrected group, and (0.14±0.16) mm in the full corrected group, the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that there was no correlation between the axial growth and the undercorrection of the target (P>0.05), but a negative correlation between the axial growth and the age (P<0.01). After using orthokeratology, the average annual growth of the axial length in children aged 7-10 years was (0.25±0.16) mm, and (0.10±0.14) mm in children aged 11-15 years, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01). The incidence of central corneal epithelial punctate staining in the (–4.25)-(–5.00) D target group was 27.08%, and that in the (–3.00)-(–4.00) D target group was 16.67%, the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Conclusions The effect of orthokeratology on myopia growth is not affected by the undercorrected target, not related to the undercorrection of target, but negatively correlated with the age. Undercorrected orthokeratology can still be used for myopia control in high myopia patients. No correlation is found between the target and central corneal staining.
ObjectiveTo investigate whether the corneal shape recovered after discontinuation of long-term orthokeratology and whether orthokeratology increased the corneal astigmatism and ocular astigmatism.MethodsFrom December 2016 to April 2018, a retrospective study was conducted on 33 myopic patients who had undergone two times standard orthokeratology in the outpatient department of West China Hospital of Sichuan University, and had stopped wearing the first orthokeratology lens for one month before fitting the second orthokeratology lens. A total of 32 myopia frame glasses wearers were selected by simple random sampling as control. The changes of corneal flat meridian curvature (flat K), corneal steep meridian curvature (steep K), corneal astigmatism and ocular astigmatism before and after discontinuation of orthokeratology were analyzed.ResultsAmong the patients with baseline myopia diopter of −0.25～−2.75 D, the average annual change of corneal flat K was (−0.03±0.21) D in the frame glasses group and (−0.24±0.14) D in the orthokeratology group, the difference was statistically significant (t=5.555, P<0.001). Among the patients with baseline myopia diopter of −0.25～−2.75 D, the average annual change of corneal steep K was (0.20±0.42) D in the frame glasses group and (0.15±0.20) D in the orthokeratology group, the difference was not statistically significant (t=0.785, P=0.435). Among the patients with baseline myopia diopter of −3.00～−5.75 D, the average annual change of corneal steep K was (0.29±0.39) D in the frame glasses group and (−0.01±0.20) D in the orthokeratology group, the difference was statistically significant (t=2.758, P=0.014). The average changes of corneal astigmatism were analyzed according to the difference of eyes, gender, age and baseline corneal astigmatism, the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05), respectively. For patients with baseline astigmatism absolute value less than or equal to 0.50 D, the astigmatism annual change of the frame glasses group was 0.00 (0.50) D, and that of orthokeratology group was −0.33 (0.48) D, the difference was statistically significant (Z=−2.301, P=0.021).ConclusionsThe flat K of the cornea becomes flatter and the steep K does not change after one month’s discontinuation of long-term orthokeratology. There was no difference in the increase of corneal astigmatism compared with those wearing frame glasses. When the baseline ocular astigmatism is less than or equal to 0.50 D, the increase of astigmatism may occur after discontinuation of orthokeratology.
Purpose To investigate the association between the macular volume and thickness, as assessed by optical coherence tomography (OCT), with refraction state and axial length (AL) in children. Methods A total of 100 normal children whose right eyes were randomly selected were divided into five groups due to their refraction, comprising hyperopia, emmetropia, low myopia, moderate myopia, high myopia. The AL of the eyes was measured by IOL mas ter measuring machine. Then the macular volume and thickness were measured by OCT. Results Children with high myopia have smaller macular volume and thinner parafoveal retinal thickness (especially out-ring macular). The minimum thickness and average thickness of the fovea were not significantly different among the five groups. The macular volume ,total average macular thickness and quadrant-specific macular thickness(except the nasal inner quadrants) were positively associated with refraction and negatively associated with AL, while t here were no correlation between minimum foveal thickness, the average foveal th ickness and refraction or AL. Conclusions In Chinese children, increasing axial length was associated with reduced macular volume and thickness (except the foveal region and the nasal inner quadrant). (Chin J Ocul Fundus Dis,2008,24:114-117)
目的:分析探讨单眼散光弱视患儿对比敏感度(CS)视功能的受损特点。方法:对正常儿童组36例、单眼散光弱视组34例、单眼非散光弱视组33例,共103例,用静态F.A.C.T图表和计算机Gabor斑CS检查程序分别检查患儿对侧眼、弱视眼及90°和180°两主子午线方向上的对比敏感度。结果:①单眼散光弱视组和单眼非散光弱视组的对侧眼、弱视眼的CS值在所有空间频率均较正常组的CS降低(Plt;0.05),表现为中、高空间频率区CS的明显受损(Plt;0.01)。②单眼散光弱视组的弱视眼在90°和180°两主子午线方向上的对比敏感度有显著差异(Plt;0.01)。结论:弱视儿童的对侧眼不正常。用计算机Gabor斑检查可以了解弱视散光儿童不同子午线上的CS存在的差异,明确定位弱子午线,并可以针对子午线性弱视,进一步开展知觉学习的治疗。
目的:探讨先天性上斜肌麻痹的临床特征以及手术治疗方法。方法:对四川大学华西医院收治的先天性上斜肌麻痹126例患者的临床特征、手术方式和疗效进行回顾分析。结果:我们对126例患者进行了2月至5年的随访,其中治愈50(40.0%)例,改善60(47.6%)例,失败12(9.38%)例。结论:先天性上斜肌麻痹的手术治疗要按减弱直接拮抗剂或配偶肌,加强麻痹肌或间接拮抗肌的原则进行。手术的目的是消除垂直偏斜和代偿头位,避免成年后颜面、颈部和脊柱的畸形,建立双眼单视和恢复正常的眼球功能。
Objective To explore the retinal and choroidal thickness of myopic patients with different diopters, and analyze the change rule and its relation with the diopter. Methods From October 2015 to June 2016, a total of 161 patients (322 eyes) with myopia and 53 normal volunteers (106 eyes) were selected from Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) examination was performed in all the subjects with Macular cube 512×128 and EDI HD-OCT model in Cirrus HD-OCT 5000 of Carl Zeiss Company from Germany, measuring the retinal and choroidal thickness in macular central fovea, and 3 and 6 mm above, below, on the nose side, and on the temporal side of macular central fovea; the data were averaged. According to the different diopters, the subjects were divided into four groups, including emmetropia group with 53 patients (106 eyes), low myopia group (equivalent diopter from –0.25 to –3.00) with 64 patients (128 eyes), moderate myopia group (equivalent diopter from –3.25 to –6.00) with 47 patients (94 eyes), and high myopia group (equivalent diopter <–6.00) with 50 patients (100 eyes). All the subjects’ best corrected visual acuities were ≥0.8. The changes of retinal and choroidal thickness in myopia patients with different diopters were compared and analyzed. Results The average retinal thickness of the patients in the emmetropia group, the low myopia group, the moderate myopia group, and the high myopia group was (242.50±29.86), (238.46±23.85), (224.52±26.01), (211.91±23.07) μm, respectively; the average choroidal thickness of the patients in the emmetropia group, the low myopia group, the moderate myopia group, and the high myopia group was (220.16±66.00), (252.39±79.56), (191.09±103.03), (121.83±92.54) μm, respectively. There was no significant difference in retinal thickness between the moderate myopia group and the high myopia group (P>0.05), while the differences in retinal thickness between the remaining groups were statistically significant (P<0.05); there was no statistically significant difference between the emmetropia group and moderate myopia group (P>0.05), while the differences in choroid thickness between the remaining groups were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion In general, there are decreasing trends of the retinal thickness and choroid thickness with the increase of the diopter, which may be associated with the formation process of myopia.
Objective To investigate the efficacy of individualized surgical treatment on congenital superior oblique paralysis. Methods A total of 131 patients (180 eyes) undergoing surgery for congenital superior oblique palsy between October 2015 and January 2018 in West China Hospital of Sichuan University were reviewed. The clinical features, surgical methods and efficacy were analyzed. Results Among the 131 cases, 49 cases were bilateral congenital superior oblique palsy, and 82 cases were unilateral congenital superior oblique palsy; 94 cases were combined with horizontal strabismus; 17 cases (26 eyes) underwent inferior oblique recession, 53 cases (93 eyes) underwent superior oblique tuck, 4 cases underwent superior oblique tuck combined with contralateral superior rectus resection, 37 cases underwent superior oblique tuck combined with contralateral inferior rectus recession, 6 cases underwent inferior oblique recession combined with contralateral superior rectus resection, and 14 cases underwent inferior oblique transposition combined with contralateral superior rectus resection; 18 cases underwent horizontal strabismus correction at one stage, and 76 cases underwent horizontal strabismus correction at the second stage. After Surgery, there were 116 cases cured (88.55%), 15 cases improved (11.45%), and 0 case invalid. Conclusions The diagnosis of congenital superior oblique paralysis should be accurate. Individualized surgery should be designed according to the size and maximum orientation of the squint and the limitation or hyperactivity of the muscles in each diagnostic eye position.