【摘要】 目的 分析乳酸性酸中毒发生的危险因素，警示临床工作。 方法 回顾性分析2008年5月—2010年12月收治的32例乳酸性酸中毒患者的临床资料。 结果 32例患者均合并2型糖尿病，其中老年患者27例（占84.6%）；20例有服用双胍类降糖药物史（占62.5%）；12例合并肺部疾病（占37.5%）；9例合并心脏疾病（占28.1%）；15例合并肾功能不全（占46.9%）；8例合并肝功能异常（占25.0%）。 结论 糖尿病、老年、使用双胍类药物、合并心肺疾病及肝肾功能不全都是发生乳酸性酸中毒的危险因素。在临床工作中，对高危患者需提高警惕，尽量避免危险因素叠加以减少乳酸性酸中毒的发生。【Abstract】 Objective To analyze the risk factors of lactic acidosis. Methods The clinical data of 32 patients with lactic acidosis admitted to our hospital from May 2008 to December 2010 were studied retrospectively. Results All patients had type 2 diabetes mellitus. Among them, 27 (84.6%) were older than 60, 20 (62.5%) had ingested antidiabetic drugs of biguanides, 12 (37.5%) were complicated by pulmonary diseases, 9 (28.1%) by heart diseases, 15 (46.9%) by renal dysfunction, and 8 (25.0%) by liver dysfunction. Conclusions Diabetes mellitus, old age, ingesting of biguanides, cardiopulmonary diseases, renal and hepatic dysfunction all contribute to the occurrence of lactic acidosis. During clinical work, we should try to avoid the above-mentioned risk factors.