Objective To summarize the research status of percutaneous ultrasound interventional therapy for the patients with hepatic echinococcosis, and to provide some experience and reference for the treatment of disease in clinical medical personnel. Method The relevant literature on percutaneous ultrasound intervention therapy for hepatic echinococcosis both domestically and internationally was summarized and analyzed. Results For the patients with hepatic cystic echinococcosis (HCE), ultrasound-guided percutaneous transhepatic drainage is safe and effective for the World Health Organization Informal Working Group classification CE1 and CE3a cysts. For the patients with hepatic alveolar chinococcosis (HAE), although radical resection is still the gold standard, ultrasound-guided microwave ablation had better postoperative recovery and less trauma for patients with lesion diameter ＜5 cm; Due to limited research on the efficacy and safety of ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation for patients with HAE, further exploration is needed; Ultrasound guided percutaneous cyst puncture drainage is used for external drainage of necrotic material in the cyst cavity, which can effectively control infection and remove necrotic tissue; percutaneous transhepatic cholangial drainage (PTCD) could effectively relieve biliary obstruction, improve liver function, and enhance the quality of life of patients with advanced HAE complicated with obstructive jaundice. Conclusions Ultrasound-guided percutaneous interventional techniques have their own advantages and disadvantages in treatment of hepatic echinococcosis. For patients with HCE, strict indications and contraindications should be followed when performing percutaneous ultrasound interventions. For patients with HAE, early-stage small lesions should be prioritized for microwave ablation, and patients in the middle and late stages with larger lesions or those with intra-cyst infection or jaundice should be treated with percutaneous cyst puncture drainage and PTCD to alleviate symptoms, following the second stage operation.
ObjectiveTo understand the role of complement system in the immune mechanism of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its potential therapeutic value, and to provide reference for related research in the field of HCC immunotherapy. MethodsRead and review the national and international literature on hepatocellular carcinoma and complement-related studies. ResultsA total of eight complement components closely related to HCC were summarized, which play an important role in the immune regulation of HCC, and their activation can be involved in the occurrence and development of HCC through a variety of mechanisms, and their use as complement inhibitors can regulate the activity of complement-related activation pathways and enhance anti-tumor ability, potentially providing a new strategy for the treatment of HCC. ConclusionA variety of complement components in the complement system play an important role in regulating the immune mechanism of HCC, and the activation of the complement system is closely related to the occurrence and development of HCC, which is expected to be a potential immunotherapeutic target for HCC. However, the combination of complement-related inhibitor therapy with other antitumor immunotherapies carries certain risks and benefits, which need to be thoroughly investigated.