Objective To evaluate the effect and safety of Yinzhihuang injection for icteric viral hepatitis. Methods We searched MEDLINE (1966 to 2005), The Cochrane Library (Issue1, 2005), CBMdisk (1978 to 2004), CMCC (1994 to 2005), CMAC (1994 to 2005), CNKI (1994 to 2005), VIP (1989 to 2004). Data were extracted by two reviewers using a designed extraction form. The quality of included trials was critically assessed. RevMan 4.2.7 was used for data analysis. Results Four randomized controlled trials were included. It showed that Yinzhihuang injection could abate jaundice better than or the same as controlled western medicine in patients with hepatitis (WMD 19.70, 95%CI 32.69 to 6.71 and WMD 1.27, 95%CI 3.08 to 0.54, respectively), but less than S-adeanosyl methionine in patients with chronic hepatitis (WMD 106.00, 95%CI 189.05 to 22.95). There may be a dose-effect relationship in Yinzhihuang injection, higher doses had better effect (WMD 11.50, 95%CI 16.53 to 6.47). No fatal side effects were reported.Conclusions It is noted that Yinzhihuang injection can abate jaundice of icteric viral hepatitis. Due to low statistical power and high risk of selection bias, performance bias and measurement bias of the included trials, these conclusions need to be treated cautiously.
Objective To investigate the biomechanical properties of porous bioactive bone cement (PBC) in vivo and to observe the degradation of PBC and new bone formation histologically. Methods According to the weight percentage (W/ W, %) of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) to bioglass to chitosan, 3 kinds of PBS powders were obtained: PBC I (50 ︰ 40 ︰ 10), PBC II (40 ︰ 50 ︰ 10), and PBC III (30 ︰ 60 ︰ 10). The bilateral femoral condylar defect model (4 mm in diameter and 10 mm in depth) was established in 32 10-month-old New Zealand white rabbits (male or female, weighing 4.0-4.5 kg), which were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=8); pure PMMA (group A), PBC I (group B), PBC II (group C), and PBC III (group D) were implanted in the bilateral femoral condylar defects, respectively. Gross observation were done after operation. X-ray films were taken after 1 week. At 3 and 6 months after operation, the bone cement specimens were harvested for mechanical test and histological examination. Four kinds of unplanted cement were also used for biomechanical test as control. Results All rabbits survived to the end of experiment. The X-ray films revealed the location of bone cement was at the right position after 1 week. Before implantation, at 3 months and 6 months after operation, the compressive strength and elastic modulus of groups C and D decreased significantly when compared with those of group A (P lt; 0.05), but no significant difference was found between groups C and D (P gt; 0.05); the compressive strength at each time point and elastic modulus at 3 and 6 months of group B decreased significantly when compared with those of group A (P lt; 0.05). Before implantation and at 3 months after operation, the compressive strength and elastic modulus of groups C and D decreased significantly when compared with those of group B (P lt; 0.05); at 6 months after operation, the compressive strength of group C and the elastic modulus of group D were significantly lower than those of group B (P lt; 0.05). The compressive strength and elastic modulus at 3 and 6 months after operation significantly decreased when compared with those before implantation in groups B, C, and D (P lt; 0.05), but no significant difference was found in group A (P lt; 0.05). At 3 months after operation, histological observation showed that a fibrous tissue layer formed between the PMMA cement and bone in group A, while chitosan particles degraded with different levels in groups B, C, and D, especially in group D. At 6 months after operation, chitosan particles partly degraded in groups B, C, and D with an amount of new bone ingrowth, and groups C and D was better than group B in bone growth; group A had no obvious change. Quantitative analysis results showed that the bone tissue percentage was gradually increased in the group A to group D, and the bone tissue percentage at 6 months after operation was significantly higher than that at 3 months within the group. Conclusion According to the weight percentage (W/W, %) of PMMA to bioglass to chitosan, PBCs made by the composition of 40 ︰ 50 ︰ 10 and 30 ︰ 60 ︰ 10 have better biocompatibility and biomechanical properties than PMMA cement, it may reduce the fracture risk of the adjacent vertebrae after vertebroplasty.