ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between alumina ceramic particles and aseptic loosening of the joint prosthesis and the effect of lanthanum chloride on the secretion of interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) of macrophage RAW264.7 induced by alumina ceramic particles. MethodsRAW264.7 cells were cultured in vitro and divided randomly into 4 groups according to different culture solutions:blank control group (group A),1 mg/mL alumina ceramic particles (group B),1 mg/mL alumina ceramic particles and 10 μmol/L lanthanum chloride (group C),and 10 μmol/L lanthanum chloride (group D).The cell growth was detected by MTT,and ELISA,RT-PCR,and Western blot were used to test the expressions of IL-1β,TNF-α,and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). ResultsThere was no significant difference in cell growth among all groups by MTT (F=2.180,P=0.142).RT-PCR results showed that the expressions of IL-1β,TNF-α,and NF-κB mRNA in group B were significantly higher than those in the other 3 groups (P<0.05); the expressions in group D were significantly lower than those in group A (P<0.05).ELISA results showed that the contents of IL-1β and TNF-α in group B were significantly higher than those in the other 3 groups (P<0.05); the contents in group D were significantly lower than those in group A (P<0.05).Western blot analysis revealed that the expression of NF-κB protein in group B was significantly higher than that in the other 3 groups (P<0.05). ConclusionAlumina ceramic particles can stimulate the secretion of IL-1β and TNF-α of macrophage,and lanthanum chloride can inhibit the secretion of IL-1β and TNF-α of macrophage.
Magnetic susceptibility is an intrinsic physical quantity which describes the relationship between material magnetization and applied external magnetic field. Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) is an MRI technology which can quantify the buck magnetic susceptibility of tissue in vivo. It is particularly effective at elucidating anatomy with paramagnetic or diamagnetic components. QSM technology is a method for solving the ill-pose problem of un-conventional de-convolution of the measured tissue magnetic field with the unit magnetic dipole field to obtain the susceptibility source map. Many multi orientation scan based QSM and clinically acceptable single orientation QSM methods have been proposed to solve this ill-posed problem. In this paper, the QSM concept is introduced and the various QSM methods are systematically categorized and discussed. The aim of this paper is to summarize the current research progress of QSM, popularize the knowledge of QSM and promote the improvements and the rational application of QSM in clinical field.
ObjectiveTo systematically review the disease burden and epidemiological characteristics of diabetes mellitus in Chinese population, and to provide references for health resources allocation and health policy making. MethodsDatabases such as PubMed, EMbase, CNKI, VIP and WanFang Data were searched for studies investigating disease burden of diabetes mellitus in Chinese population up to January 1st, 2014. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, two researchers screened literature, exacted data, and assessed methodological quality of included studies. Statistical analysis was performed with the data of diabetes associated population, mortality and disease burden were analyzed. ResultsA total of 39 studies were included, one of which was not included for further qualitative analysis due to low quality. The results of qualitative analysis involving 38 studies showed that, since 1980, the prevalence of diabetes increased rapidly in China, especially in the younger age group. The disease burden of woman was higher than that of man; it was slightly higher in the city than in the countryside; but the gap between urban and rural areas was gradually narrowed. Disease burdens in Eastern, Central and Western regions orderly decreased, all of which were all at high levels. ConclusionThe disease burden of diabetes mellitus in China is seriously high and the prevention and control work is very hard. It is necessary to rationally and effectively allocate health resources based on different health demands in different regions among urban-rural and age groups; to reduce the burden in the elderly; and to pay more attention to the young age population at the same time. Besides, the emphasis of prevention should be placed on suppressing the increase of prevalence of diabetes mellitus and reducing disease burden due to its complications.