ObjectiveTo summarize current patient-derived organoids as preclinical cancer models, and its potential clinical application prospects. MethodsCurrent patient-derived organoids as preclinical cancer models were reviewed according to the results searched from PubMed database. In addition, how cancer-derived human tumor organoids of pancreatic cancer could facilitate the precision cancer medicine were discussed. ResultsThe cancer-derived human tumor organoids show great promise as a tool for precision medicine of pancreatic cancer, with potential applications for oncogene modeling, gene discovery and chemosensitivity studies. ConclusionThe cancer-derived human tumor organoids can be used as a tool for precision medicine of pancreatic cancer.
ObjectiveTo study the clinical manifestation, radiographic characteristics, and treatments of reactive lymphoid hyperplasia(RLH) of liver. MethodsThe clinical data and treatment process of 1 patient with RLH of liver in our hospital was analyzed retrospectively, and the other 49 cases reported in English literature were reviewed. ResultsThere were 33 pieces of case reports found in PubMed database. For all 50 patients, there were 45 female(90%) and 5 male(10%) patients, and the mean age was(57.6±14.0) years(15-85 years). Only 8 patients(16%) were discovered with multiple mass, the rest of them were solitary mass(84%). Of the 50 patients, 6 patients(12%) were discovered because of bellyache, 2 patients(4%) were discovered during operation, 2 patients(4%) were discovered by pathological examination after liver transplantation, 1 patient(2%) was discovered during autopsy, 39 patients were discovered during examination or reexamination. The tumors were located in the right lobe for 25 patients(50%), in the left lobe for 15 patients(30%), in the both lobes for 4 patients(8%), and in the caudal lobe for 1 patient(2%), while 5 cases(10%) were not given in the articles. Eleven patients(22%) had the history of malignancy, 15 patients(30%) were concomitant with autoimmune disease, and 5 patients(10%) were concomitant with virus hepatitis infection. Thirty-six patients(72%) were diagnosed as malignancy preoperatively, and 43 patients(86%) underwent surgical resection. ConclusionsRLH of liver is an extremely rare and benign condition which presents a female predilection and often concomitants with autoimmune disease and history of malignancy. Considering the risk of malignant transformation, surgical resection is recommended and further researches are necessary for better understanding of this disease.
ObjectiveTo evaluate the postoperative complications after pancreaticoduodenectomy with modified triple-layer(MTL) duct-to-mucosa pancreaticojejunostomy and with resection of jejunal serosa, analyse the risk factors of pancreatic fistula, and compare effects with two-layer(TL) duct-to-mucosa pancreaticojejunostomy. MethodsData on 184 consecutive patients who underwent the two methods of pancreaticojejunostomy during standard PD between January 1, 2010 and January 31, 2013 were collected retrospectively. The risk factors of pancreatic fistula were investigated by using univariate and multivariate analyses. ResultsA total of 88 patients received TL and 96 underwent MTL. Rate of pancreatic fistula for the entire cohort was 8.2%(15/184). There were 11 fistulas(12.5%) in the TL group and four fistulas(4.2%) in the MTL group(P=0.039). Body mass index, pancreatic texture, pancreatic duct diameter, and methods of pancreaticojejunostomy had significant effects on the formation of pancreatic fistula on univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis showed that pancreatic duct diameter less than 3 mm and TL were the significant risk factors of pancreatic fistula. ConclusionsMTL technique effectively reduced the pancreatic fistula rate after PD in comparison with TL, especially in patients with pancreatic duct diameter less than 3 mm.