目的 初步探讨影响男性乳腺癌患者预后的因素。 方法 收集2003年1月－2011年12月经病理确诊、接受治疗、临床资料较完整的36例男性乳腺癌患者的临床资料。采用对数秩检验和Cox回归分析影响男性乳腺癌患者预后的因素。 结果 36例患者无进展生存期（PFS）为3～95个月，中位PFS为45个月。单因素分析显示：肿瘤直径（P=0.001）、阳性淋巴结（P=0.001）、TNM分期（P＜0.001）、手术方式（P=0.001）是影响预后的因素。多因素分析显示：阳性淋巴结（P=0.024）和TNM分期（P=0.022）是影响预后的主要因素。 结论 阳性淋巴结和TNM分期是影响预后的主要因素，以手术为主的综合治疗模式是提高男性乳腺癌患者生存率的重要措施。
目的:探讨雌激素饥饿对肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡诱导配体(TRAIL)诱导乳腺癌细胞MCF-7凋亡的影响及作用机制。〖HTH〗方法〖HTSS〗:MCF-7细胞培养贴壁之后,用雌激素饥饿处理后加入TRAIL,用荧光染料Hoechst染色法检测细胞的凋亡,用细胞计数法检测细胞的存活。在雌激素饥饿处理MCF-7细胞后,收集对照和饥饿组蛋白用Western blot法检测相关的蛋白表达。〖HTH〗结果〖HTSS〗:单独使用雌激素饥饿处理或者单独使用TRAIL处理乳腺癌细胞MCF-7都能诱导细胞凋亡,但是它们诱导凋亡的活性较小,两种方法联合使用可以极大地增加诱导细胞凋亡的活性(Plt;0.001)。雌激素饥饿处理后的乳腺癌细胞,死亡受体5(DR5)表达上调。〖HTH〗结论〖HTSS〗:乳腺癌细胞MCF-7对TRAIL敏感度不高,雌激素饥饿可以增加TRAIL诱导乳腺癌细胞凋亡的活性,DR5与雌激素饥饿诱导TRAIL活性增加相关。
目的:探讨表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(EGCG)对乳腺癌细胞MCF7生长的影响及对乳腺癌细胞MDAMB231迁移的影响。方法:MCF7细胞培养贴壁之后,加入EGCG处理,2d后收集蛋白,采用Western Blot检测磷酸化p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(phosphop38MAPK)的表达;同样处理后收集活细胞,用细胞计数法检测细胞的存活;取对数生长期的MDAMB231细胞,分至6孔板培养,使用EGCG处理后,采用细胞划线法探测乳腺癌细胞的迁移。结果:使用EGCG处理乳腺癌细胞后,phosphop38MAPK的表达降低,EGCG处理乳腺癌细胞4d后其增殖率降低50%,迁移活性降低。结论:EGCG处理乳腺癌细胞能抑制肿瘤细胞的生长以及迁移,这与p38MAPK信号通路相关。
The important detection indicators of liquid biopsy in cancer patients include circulating tumor cells and circulating tumor DNA. The former refers to the cells that fall off from the primary tumor and metastatic sites and enter the blood circulation through blood vessels or lymphatic vessels, while the latter refers to the cell-free DNA released into the blood vessels by apoptotic or necrotic tumor cells. For breast cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant therapy, dynamic monitoring of circulating tumor cells and circulating tumor DNA can help early identify the responsiveness of tumor patients to different treatments and guide subsequent treatments to improve prognosis. This article reviews the research progress and clinical significance of detecting circulating tumor cells and circulating tumor DNA in breast cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant therapy, aiming to provide a reference for the more rational application of circulating tumor cells and circulating tumor DNA in neoadjuvant therapy of breast cancer.
In the process of solid tumor transformation, the expression of claudins is often dysregulated. Claudins are involved in almost all aspects of tumor biology and steps of tumor development, suggesting that they have the potential to be diagnostics, and prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Current studies have found that Claudin18.2 is overexpressed in gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer, ovarian cancer and other diseases. Targeted anti-tumor therapy based on Claudin 18.2 has become a research hotspot recently. Therefore, this article reviews the basic structural characteristics of Claudin18.2, its expression in various malignant solid tumors, the progress of research and application, and prospect.
Breast cancer is a malignancy with the highest incidence and mortality rate among women in the world. The current treatment methods include surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, endocrine therapy and targeted therapy. Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) has high manignant behavior and poor prognosis, lacks specific treatment targets, thus resulting in few effective treatment modalities. The emergence of immunotherapy has provided hopes for TNBC. The efficacy of immunocheckpoint inhibitors in neoadjuvant treatment of early TNBC and first-line treatment of programmed death-ligand 1 positive metastatic TNBC. Therefore, this article reviews the researches of immunocheckpoint inhibitors in the treatment of early and advanced breast cancer.
【Abstract】Objective To investigate the expression of PCNA in gastric cancer and its relationship with telomerase activity of peritoneal washings and peritoneal dissemination, and to compare the efficacy of telomerase activity and cytology of peritoneal washings for prediction of peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer. MethodsTelomeric repeated amplification protocol (TRAP)enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to measure the telomerase activity of peritoneal washings collected from 60 patients with gastric cancer. Exfoliate cytologic analysis of the corresponding samples was used for comparison.Expression of PCNA was measured with immunohistochemical staining.Their relationship with clinicopathologic features were evaluated. ResultsThe positive rate of telomerase activity in peritoneal washing collected from patients with gastric cancer was 41.7%,which well related to serosal invasion, histology types, depth of infiltration and peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer. The positive rate of telomerase activity increased with the increased depth of infiltration and serosal involvement areas (P＜0.05).The positive rate of exfoliative cytology was 25.0%, which was obviously high in the group with macroscopic peritoneal metastasis (the group of P1-3). The positive rate of exfoliative cytology also increased with the increased depth of infiltration and serosal involvement areas (P＜0.05). Although the positive rate of telomerase activity in peritoneal washing collected from patients with gastric cancer was not significantly higher than that of exfoliative cytology in general, it was significantly higher than that of exfoliative cytology in the group of pT4, P1-3 and undifferentiated type.The PCNA proliferation index (PI) of positive telomerase activity group was significantly higher than that of negative. The PCNA PI was significantly higher in the group of P1-3 and serosal invasion thanthat of P0 and without serosal invasion. ConclusionTo detect telomerase activity in peritoneal washings and to detect tumor cells by cytologic method are useful to predict subclinical metastasis to the peritoneum in patients with gastric cancer,but telomerase activity is more sensitive than the other one.Telomerase activity is well related to proliferating activity of gastric cancer,which was the very important reason of peritoneal metastasis and serosal invasion.
Objective To systematically review the diseases constitution of children in Chinese medical institutions from 2010 to 2016, and to provide evidence for establishing essential medicine list for children (EMLc) of China. Methods We searched PubMed, EMbase, The Cochrane Library, CBM, CNKI, VIP and WanFang Data from January 2010 to February 2016 to collect studies about diseases constitution of Chinese children. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data, and assessed the risk bias of included studies, then data was descriptively analyzed. Results A total of 33 studies of diseases constitution were included, involving 1 797 696 children among 0 to 18 years from 17 provinces of China. Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, neonatal pneumonia and premature were the main diseases of inpatient newborns. The main diseases of children hospitalized were pneumonia, upper respiratory tract infection and tumor. Upper respiratory tract infection, bronchopneumonia, bronchitis and diarrhea were the main diseases of outpatients. Hyperspasmia, upper respiratory tract infection and pneumonia were the main diseases of emergency patients. Diseases constitution of different medical institution: the main diseases were pathological jaundice, neonatal asphyxia and neonatal pneumonia in both tertiary and secondary medical institution in the newborn group. In the children group, the main diseases were pneumonia, upper respiratory tract infection and bronchitis in both tertiary and secondary medical institution. Besides these diseases, indigestion and fever of unknown origin were also the main diseases of primary medical institution. Disease constitution of different areas: in the newborn group, pathological jaundice, neonatal pneumonia and neonatal hyperbilirubinemia were the main diseases in coastal areas. Neonatal pneumonia, neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and premature were the main diseases in inland areas. Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, neonatal pneumonia and neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy were the main diseases in remote areas. In children group, pneumonia, bronchitis and premature were the main diseases in coastal areas. Pneumonia, bronchitis and hand-foot-and-mouth disease were the main diseases in inland areas. Upper respiratory tract infection, bronchopneumonia and bronchitis were the main diseases in remote areas. Conclusion Diseases constitutions of children vary in different medical institution, and because of extreme lack of date from primary medical institution, we suggest to carry out investigation in primary medical institution to provide evidence for EMLc. Diseases constitutions of children vary in different area, additions should be made according to local conditions when essential drugs of children selected. Newborn, as a special group of children, should be considered separately when EMLc of China established.
During the coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic, West China Hospital, Sichuan University explored a new management model to ensure timely diagnosis and treatment and regular follow-up for breast cancer patients. On the basis of previous internet Breast Cancer Information Management System, patient management WeChat groups were integrated to develop an online and offline interconnect management platform. Regular follow-up of patients was mainly conducted by telephone, with WeChat management group as auxiliary. Coronavirus infections were screened during telephone follow-up. In the meanwhile, patients who needed to be further treated would be identified and recommended to the outpatient follow-up. The new management model can improve the efficiency of follow-up management, on the premise of reducing the risk of coronavirus disease 2019 transmission for both health care providers and patients.
Objective To assess the effectiveness and the safety of clinical use of growth hormone (GH) in burn patients. Method Search were applied to the following electronic databases: Chinese Bio-medicine Database (CBM), MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Library. Language was restricted in Chinese and English. Data were extracted and evaluated by the two reviewers independently of each other. Applied RevMan 4.1 for statistical analyse. Results Nine trials involving 732 patients were included. The combined results showed that GH can shorten wound healing time [weighted mean difference (WMD) = -11.25, 95%CI (-14.84 to -7.66), Plt;0.000 01], donor site healing times [WMD= -1.87, 95%CI (-2.28 to -1.47), P＜0.000 01), and length of hospital stay [WMD= -8.10, 95%CI (-10.40 to -5.79), P＜0.000 01]. There was no statistical significance on resting energy expenditure [WMD= -0.04, 95%CI ( -0.08 to 0.00), P=0.06], mortality [odds ratio (OR) =1.15, 95%CI (0.15 to 8.53), P=0.9], sepsis [OR=1.08, 95%CI (0.50 to 2.34), P=0.8] and ventilatory support required [OR=1.51, 95%CI (0.72 to 3.16), P=0.3]. Nevertheless, the plasma levels of glucose [standardized mean difference (SMD) =0.98, 95%CI (0.54 to1.42), P＜0.000 01] and insulin [SMD=0.86, 95%CI (0.43 to1.30), P=0.000 1] were increased in GH groups. Conclusions GH for burn patients is effective and safe if blood glucose can be controlled well.