ObjectiveTo evaluate the associated factors for predicting anatomical outcomes of idiopathic macular hole (IMH) after vitrectomy. MethodsThis is a retrospective study. A total of 165 eyes in 164 IMH patients underwent a successful vitrectomy and ILM peeling surgery were included in this study.The patients included 43 males and 121 females, with the mean age of (64.0±6.7) years. The corrected vision acuity of logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR), indirect ophthalmoscope and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) were measured for all patients. The mean logMAR corrected vision acuity was 1.0. The duration of disease was (8.7±14.9) months. The minimum diameter (MIN), base diameter (BASE) and height (H) were 521, 1010, 406 μm respectively. The macular hole index (MHI), tractional hole index (THI), diameter hole index (DHI) and macular hole closure index (MHCI) were 0.43, 0.82, 0.57, 0.92 respectively. Anatomical outcomes were divided into 3 levels. A: bridge-shaped healing; B: good healing; C: poor healing. The mean follow-up was (3.6±3.2) months. The multiple factors related with prognosis including age, sex, duration of disease, preoperative logMAR corrected vision acuity, MIN, BASE and H, MHI, THI, DHI, MHCI were analyzed. ResultsDuration of disease (r=0.141), preoperative logMAR corrected vision acuity (r=0.082), age (r=0.044), sex (r=0.109) was independent of anatomical prognosis (P > 0.05). MIN (r=0.397), BASE (r=0.276), H (r=-0.240), MHI (r=-0.363), THI (r=-0.432), DHI (r=0.272) was weak correlation to anatomical prognosis (P < 0.05). MHCI correlated significantly with anatomical outcomes (r=-0.543, P=0.000). The median MHCI of A, B and C were 1.07, 0.91, 0.56 respectively. There were significant difference of MHCI among the three levels (H=52.857, P < 0.05). ConclusionsMHCI has the best correlation with anatomical outcomes. It can be considered a key factor for predicting anatomical outcomes of IMH after vitrectomy.