ObjectiveTo review the advances of the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the spinal cord injury (SCI) and its relevant treatments. MethodsFocusing on various mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction, recent relevant literature at home and abroad was identified to summarize the therapeutic strategies for SCI. ResultsMitochondrial dysfunction is mainly manifested in abnormalities in mitochondrial energy metabolism, mitochondrial oxidative stress, mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis, mitophagy, mitochondrial permeability transition, and mitochondrial biogenesis, playing a vital role in the development of SCI. Drug that enhanced mitochondrial function have been proved beneficial for the treatment of SCI. ConclusionMitochondrial dysfunction can serve as a potential therapeutic target for SCI, providing ideas and basis for the development of SCI therapeutic candidates in the future.