ObjectiveTo observe the changes of macular vascular density of hypertensive patients without obvious hypertensive retinopathy (HRP).MethodsTwenty-three patients (hypertension group) diagnosed as grade 2 or grade 3 essential hypertension in Cardiology Department of Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from January to April 2019 were enrolled in the study. Among them, there were 13 males and 10 females. The mean age was 61.6 ± 5.6 years, and the mean BCVA was 0.74 ± 0.16. The course of hypertension was more than 7 years; Keith Wagener (K-W) grade was 0 or 1. Fifteen age-matched people without hypertension were selected as the control group, among which included 8 males and 7 females. Their average age was 59.7 ± 4.4 years and the average BCVA was 0.79 ± 0.17, the K-W grades were 0. There was no significant difference (P=0.265, 1.000, 0.563) between the two groups in age (t=1.739), sex ratio (χ2=0.036) or BCVA (t=0.585). All subjects were examined by BCVA, fundus photography and OCTA. OCTA scanned the macular area in the range of 3 mm × 3 mm. The software automatically divided the image into two concentric circles with the macular fovea as the center, which are the inner ring with a diameter of 1 mm (foveal area) and the outer ring with a diameter of 1-3 mm. The blood flow density of the whole, temporal, upper, nasal and lower capillary layers within 3 mm of the macular area, and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area, central foveal retinal thickness (CFT) were measured.ResultsSignificant differences were observed in the vascular densities of total, temporal, nasal and inferior area of maculas (t=2.188, 2.472, 5.105, 2.734; P=0.037, 0.020, 0.000, 0.010) between the two groups, while no significant differences were evidenced in foveal vascular densities and superior vascular densities (t=0.575, 0.140; P=0.570, 0.889). There was no significant difference in FAZ area or CFT between the two groups (t=0.367, 0.753; P=0.714, 0.457). Macular arches were intact in all hypertension patients.ConclusionsThe vascular densities of total, temporal, nasal and inferior area of maculas in the hypertension patients without HRP decreased. The area of FAZ did not expand, and the structures of macular arch ring were normal.
ObjectiveTo observe the proteomic changes in vitreous fluid samples from patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment combined with choroidal detachment (RRDCD). MethodsA prospective cross-sectional clinical study. Vitreous fluid samples were collected from 35 patients with RRDCD (RRDCD group) and 40 patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD group) who were diagnosed at Wuhan Aier Eye Hospital between November 2021 and December 2023. Prior to vitrectomy, 0.3-0.5 ml of vitreous fluid was collected from the affected eyes. Differentially expressed proteins were analyzed using Data-Independent Acquisition (DIA). Three of these proteins were randomly selected for validation using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Bioinformatics analyses, including gene ontology functional enrichment and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathway enrichment, were performed to explore the functions of the differentially expressed proteins. ResultsSignificant differences were observed between the RRDCD and RRD groups in intraocular pressure (t=－12.795), the number of retinal tears (t=4.601), the extent of retinal detachment (χ2=39.642), axial length (t=0.840), postoperative proliferative vitreoretinopathy incidence (χ2=4.730), single-surgery reattachment rate (χ2=7.717), and best-corrected visual acuity (t=7.033) at 6 months postoperatively (P＜0.05). A total of 237 differentially expressed proteins were identified between the RRDCD and RRD groups, with 63 upregulated and 174 downregulated. These proteins were involved in pathways such as extracellular matrix-receptor interaction, complement activation, coagulation, and lysosomal pathways. ELISA validation results showed that the expression trends of the three selected proteins in the RRDCD and RRD groups were consistent with the DIA proteomic analysis. Compared to the RRD group, proteins such as fibrin, coagulation factors, cathepsins, and trypsin inhibitors were significantly upregulated in the RRDCD group.ConclusionsThe protein expression profile in vitreous fluid samples from RRDCD patients show significant alterations compared to the RRD group. These differential changes suggest that RRDCD is closely associated with complement and coagulation cascade activation, lysosomal pathways, and extracellular matrix remodeling.