ObjectiveTo understand the current state of medical graduate student labor education in the new era and its effectiveness, to explore the mechanism by which labor education affects labor practices, and to identify intervention points for improving labor education. MethodsA questionnaire survey was conducted from July 3 to 13, 2022, on the labor education of 216 medical graduate students from 10 double-first-class universities. The relationship between labor education, labor awareness, labor ability, and labor practices was analyzed. ResultsDescriptive analysis results showed that medical graduate students received little labor education. The structural equation model results showed that labor education positively impacted labor awareness (γ=0.712) and labor ability (γ=0.755), and labor awareness and labor ability positively impacted labor practices (γ=0.400, γ=0.635), indicating that labor education has a positive impact on labor practices. ConclusionTo improve the weak state of medical graduate student labor education, it is necessary to increase related training and courses, enrich the types and content of labor education, strengthen the assessment mechanism of labor education, and strengthen the responsibilities of instructors.