Objective To investigate and compare the demands of dosage forms and specifications of essential medicine for children in different levels of medical institutions, so as to provide references for selection of essential medicines for children by levels of medical institutions. Methods In 13 provinces or municipalities, 104 medical institutions, including tertiary, secondary and primacy medical institutions, were investigated by questionnaires. Kinds of drugs, dosage forms, requirement types and requirement levels of drugs were analyzed and compared in different levels of medical institutions. Results Tertiary medical institutions had higher demands than other levels of medical institutions for the number of drugs types, dosage forms and level of demand on each drug (P < 0.05), secondary medical institutions were higher than primacy medical institutions (P < 0.05), but community health service centers were the same as township health centers. Conclusion The demands of dosage forms and specifications of essential medicine for children in different levels of medical institutions are different. So future studies should develop the essential medicines list for children depend on different levels of care.
Early onset and high incidence of myopia has caused great concern of the Party and the Government. On August 30th 2018, eight ministries and commissions, such as the Ministry of Education, jointly issued the Comprehensive Prevention and Control Implementation Scheme of Child and Adolescent Myopia, which put forward the actions and specific measures to various aspects, and particularly mentioned that the medical and health institutions should work together with families, schools, etc, to reduce the incidence of myopia. Medical institutions should do a good job in the following items: setting up visual archives for adolescents, so as to prevent and control myopia with pertinence and individualization; standardizing the process of diagnosis and treatment, doing a good job in refractive examination and correction of adolescents, and resolutely combating the commercial "treatment and correction" of myopia; strengthening myopia-related health education, and eliminating erroneous understanding to myopia prevention and control. Optometrists should play an important role in the prevention and control of myopia, speed up the cultivation of optometry talents, and call on the state to establish a professional title system and professional access standards for optometry talents as soon as possible.
ObjectiveTo investigate the economic burden of the disposal of medical personnel after occupational exposure in medical institution.MethodA retrospective survey method was used to investigate and analyze the costs of inspection, treatment, and vaccination of 112 medical personnel after occupational exposure from January 2014 to December 2016.ResultsAfter the occupational exposure, the per capita economic burden on the medical institution for the exposed personnel was (331.80±66.16) yuan; the main expenditure item was the inspection expenses (93.53%); and the expenditure after the exposure of hepatitis B virus accounted for 75.40%, which ranked the top one in the expenditures of blood-derived infectious diseases. Occupational exposure was most likely to occur when dealing with sharps, and the cost of hospital spending accounted for 47.26%. After strengthening interventions such as standard prevention, the per capita cost of occupational exposures in the hospital from 2015 to 2016 showed a downward trend (P<0.05).ConclusionsOccupational exposure of medical personnel may cause a certain economic burden on medical institution. It is necessary to strengthen occupational protection, raise awareness of standard prevention, and reduce occupational exposure.
Objective To construct an index system for the rational use of foods for special medical purposes (FSMP) by medical institutions. Methods Based on the literature review and the survey of 300 medical institutions, we developed a questionnaire for expert consultation and conducted two rounds of expert consultation using Delphi method and consensus meeting method to determine the final index system for the rational use of FSMP in medical institutions. Results After two rounds of expert consultation and expert consensus conference meetings, it was finally determined that medical institutions should reasonably use the FSMP comprehensive evaluation index system, including 3 first-level catalog indicators, 17 second-level catalog indicators, and 13 third-level catalog indicators. Conclusion This index system can help promote the rationalization and standardization of FSMP clinical application in medical institutions in China and improve the quality of clinical nutrition care.
Objective To collect the data of nosocomial infection surveillance in secondary and tertiary medical institutions in Jiangsu Province and conduct comparative analysis among different regions to find out the gaps and provide basis for targeted continuous improvement. MethodsCombined with the requirements of grade hospital evaluation and high-quality development of public hospitals, the data of nosocomial infection incidence in medical institutions of Jiangsu Province in the first quarter of 2023 were collected by autonomous reporting and information capture, and the province was divided into three regions according to location: South Jiangsu, Central Jiangsu and North Jiangsu for analysis, so as to evaluate the regional level. Results A total of 109 medical institutions were included, including 78 tertiary hospitals and 31 secondary hospitals. The overall incidence rate of nosocomial infection was 0.81% (0.90%). The incidence of central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI), ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and catheter-associated urinarytract infection (CAUTI) were 0.113‰, 1.553‰ and 0.424‰, respectively. The proportion of prophylactic drugs in Class Ⅰ incision and the incidence of surgical site infection in Class Ⅰ incision were 17.72% and 0.16%, respectively. In the above infection indicators, the incidences of CLABSI and VAP were higher in Central Jiangsu, while the other indicators were higher in South Jiangsu than in Central Jiangsu than in North Jiangsu. The utilization rate of antibiotics and the detection rate of pathogens in inpatients were 41.07% and 41.50%, respectively. Among South, North, and Central Jiangsu, the utilization rate of antibiotics was 41.83%, 41.51%, and 39.51%, respectively (χ2=446.789, P<0.001), and the detection rate of pathogens was 46.09%, 40.94%, and 35.09%, respectively (χ2=3036.865, P<0.001). In the detection rate of drug-resistant bacteria infection, the top 3 were carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (0.067%), carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (0.031%) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (0.029%). Among them, the infection rate of drug-resistant bacteria in South Jiangsu was significantly higher than that in the other two regions. The detection rates of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus were close to each other (83.77% vs. 53.91%), while the detection rates of carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli (χ2=95.619, P<0.001), carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (χ2=520.855, P<0.001) and carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (χ2=191.918, P<0.001) in South Jiangsu were significantly higher than those in Central and North Jiangsu. Conclusions There are significant differences in nosocomial infection surveillance data of medical institutions in different regions of Jiangsu Province. It is emphasized that targeted quality control feedback, supervision and rectification should be carried out while hospital infection monitoring.