The main fundus changes of pathologic myopia (PM) are posterior staphyloma (PS) and myopic maculopathy (MM), which includes myopic atrophy maculopathy (MAM), myopic tractional maculopathy (MTM), myopic neovascular maculopathy (MNM) and so on. The clinical manifestations of PM-related fundus lesions are complex, and the classification of PM has been a research hotspot in recent years. The proposal of each classification shows an increasing understanding of PM, and each classification has its advantages but also imperfections. For MM, it is recommended to refine the MTM classification based on the ATN classification and adjust it according to the internal correlation between MAM and MNM. The rapid development of modern imaging technology will promote the continuous update of the classification, and its further improvement will also help to understand the development process of PM, which has important clinical value in preventing its occurrence and progression.
Diffuse choroidal retinal atrophy (DCA) is a type of myopic macular disease that presents with yellowish-white atrophic changes at the posterior pole of the eyeball. DCA is an important critical feature in the diagnosis of pathological myopia. Early intervention and treatment of this disease are of great significance in delaying the progression of pathological myopia and reducing the impairment of visual function. Ophthalmic imaging data can be used to diagnose the disease, and color fundus photography is the most simple and intuitive. Choroidal thickness is also a key indicator in the diagnosis of DCA, but the diagnostic critical value of choroidal thickness has not been clearly defined. With the development and popularization of artificial intelligence technology, the analysis of lesion imaging data is more objective and accurate. In the future, it is expected to actively establish a standard quantitative evaluation system for DCA by means of artificial intelligence to achieve early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment of pathological myopia.