ObjectiveTo summarize the occurrence and development of hepatocirrhosis complicated with portal vein thrombosis (PVT), and summarize the status and prospect of anticoagulant treatment.MethodThe literatures and guidelines on the treatment of hepatocirrhosis complicated with PVT were collected and reviewed.ResultsPVT was one of the most common complications in patients with hepatocirrhosis. Its pathogenesis was complicated, and the coagulation function of patients with hepatocirrhosis was poor. In addition, patients with severe complications such as esophageal and gastric varicose bleeding (EVB) were often complicated. According to the current study, the formation of PVT was mainly related to the coagulation mechanism of patients, hemorheology changes of blood vessels, and their own factors. Treatment methods included drug therapy, interventional therapy, and surgical treatment. However, there was still controversy on anticoagulant therapy for hepatocirrhosis with PVT, and there was no complete consensus on anticoagulant indications, drug selection, course of treatment, and safety monitoring.ConclusionPVT should be treated with anticoagulant therapy under certain indications, but to ensure its safety and effectiveness, prospective large sample randomized controlled trials are still needed.