【Abstract】ObjectiveTo investigate the causes of death in recipient rats after modified orthotopic liver transplantations and the countermeasure.MethodsTwo hundred and ten orthotopic liver transplantations were performed in Wistar and SD rats weighing 250～300 g through modified Kamada’s cuff technique, and to investigate the causes of death and preventive measures. ResultsIt took about (41±5) min, (13±2) min and (45±5) min for donor operation，donated liver trimming and recipient operation respectively. The anhepatic phase was (20±5) min. The 4week survival after transplantation was 90.5%. Nineteen rats died during and after transplantation. The causes of death included: bleeding of suprahepatic inferior vena cava (n=5 ), infrahepatic vena cava thrombosis (n=2), biliary obstruction (n=3 ), portal vein constriction and thrombosis (n=2 ), liver injury(n=1), bleeding of left subphrenic vein (n=2 ), infection (n=2 ), excessively deep anesthesia (n=1), and respiratory failure (n=1). ConclusionThe sophisticated microsurgical technique and the delicate surgical manipulation are very important in preventing operative complications, and the short anhepatic phase of recipient is the key to animal survival, and proper anesthesia is also important to the success of operations. Improving the condition of operation and reasonable use of antibiotics are necessary in preventing infections.
【Abstract】ObjectiveTo establish the stable model of orthtopic liver transplantation in rats.MethodsIn the light of Kamada’s method, the donor’s liver was perfused through portal vein before it was harvested,and the anastomosis was modified as continous suture with one suture for the suprahepatic inferior vena cava. Two hundred and ten orthotopic liver transplantations were performed in Wistar male rats according to this method. ResultsThe mean time of donor operation was 35 min, and that of recipient operation was 51 min. The mean cold preserving time of graft was 60 min.The anhepatic phase was about 17 min 〔(17.6±4.5) min〕. Nineteen rats died during operation. The causes of death included: bleeding of suprahepatic inferior vena cava, infrahepatic vena cava thrombosis, biliary obstruction, portal vein constriction and thrombosis, liver injury, bleeding of left subphrenic vein, infection, excessively deep anesthesia and respiratory failure. The 24hour survival was 91.0%(191/210),and the oneweek survival was 85.2%（179/210）.ConclusionThrough the modification of the anastomosis of suprahepatic inferior vena cava, the nonhepatic time of the recipients could be shortened,and the complications could be decreased. In this way, the survival of recipient rats after liver transplantation could be increased.
Objective To summarize and analyze the treatment options and prognostic factors of gastric stump carcinoma （GSC）. Methods The clinical data of 114 patients with GSC treated in The Second Affiliated Hospital of Northern Sichuan Medical College and The General Hospital of Chinese People’s Liberation Army from Mar. 2000 to May.2008 were reviewed， and influencing factors of surgical resection and prognosis were analyzed. Results For all patients，the ratios of surgical resection and curative resection（R0 resection） were 57.0%（65/114） and 54.4% （62/114）， respec-tively. The ratios of total gastrectomy， distal gastrectomy， proximal gastrectomy， endoscopic mucosal resection （EMR），and endoscopic submucosal dissection （ESD） were 73.8%（48/65）， 16.9%（11/65）， 3.1%（2/65）， 4.6%（3/65）， and 1.5%（1/65）in resection cases， and were 75.8%（47/62）， 16.1%（10/62）， 3.2%（2/62）， 4.8%（3/62）， and 0 in R0 resection cases， respectively. Seventy-five patients were followed-up for 0.3-79 months （median 12 months）， the mediansurvival time was 19.5 months， and 1-， 3-， and 5-year overall survival rates were 61.8%， 42.3%， and 30.1%， respectively. The results of multivariate analysis showed that resection rate was higher in patients with initial distalgastrectomy （P=0.002）， kps score≥80 （P=0.016）,lower macroscopic type （P=0.013）， and cM0 （P=0.000）. R0 resection （P=0.000）， macroscopic type （P=0.005）， and cT stage （P=0.006） were the independent prognostic factors. There were both no significant difference on survival between the patients with previous benign disease and those with original malignant disease when analyzed with univariate or multivariate method （P＞0.05）. There were no significant difference on overall survival curve among patients treated with palliative resection， palliative chemotherapy， simple laparotomy， and best supportive care （P＞0.05）. Conclusions The treatment options and prognosis of GSC were not influenced by the primary benign diseases or malignant diseases， and R0 resection is the most important prognostic factor. Removal of total remnant stomach is the best surgical procedure for GSC， and palliative laparotomy should be avoided.
Objective To analyze the clinicopathologic characteristics of remnant gastric cancer （RGC）. Methods The clinical data of 114 patients with RGC treated in The Second Affiliated Hospital of Northern Sichuan MedicalCollege and The General Hospital of Chinese People’s Liberation Army from March 2000 to May 2008 were reviewed and analyzed retrospectively. The clinicopathologic characteristics between the patients with primary benign diseases and those with malignant diseases were evaluated. Results A total of 114 cases，the age was （62.6±11.3） years，and the males versus females was 4.7∶1.0. Most patients （76.2%，64/84） were diagnosed at advanced stages （consistent with pT），and the proportion of pT1 stage cases was only 23.8% （20/84），tumor invasion pT4 was 60.7% （51/84）. It was more common that tumor directly invaded adjacent organs or structures （27.4%，23/84），lymph nodes positive （42.9%，36/84），and distant metastasis （27.2%，31/114）. The location of distant metastasis was usually confined in the abdominal cavity （93.5%，29/31），and the peritoneum disseminated was the most commonly structures （67.7%，21/31）. Histologically，the incidence of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma （76.7%，79/103） was the mostly histologic grade as well as the diffuse type （78.6%，81/103） was the mostly Laurén classification. Between the patients with primary benign diseases and those with initial malignant disease，the initial gastrectomy or the methods of reconstruction had significantly differences （both P=0.000）. The median time from initial resection to development of RGC was 30.0 years in the patients with original benign disease，contrary to 3.3 years in those with previous malignant disease （P=0.000）. Both primary diseases （benign or malignant） and the age at initial gastrectomy were the major influencing factors for the time of RGC developed （P＜0.05）. For pathohistology characters，except signet-ring cell carcinoma （P=0.045）， pT4b （P=0.049），pN stage （P=0.025），and Borrmann classification （P=0.005），there were no significant differences between the patients with previous benign diseases and those with original malignant disease，as well as the resectability rate，curative resection （R0） rate，and overall survival rate （P＞0.05）. Conclusions It is almost unaffected by originalbenign diseases or malignant diseases for clinicopathologic characteristics including the treatment option and prognostic factors.It is necessary and feasibility to form a pattern of endoscopic follow-up for RGC.
Objective To examine the effect of zinc finger protein A20 on regeneration of small-for-sized liver allograft, graft rejection and recipient rat survival time. Methods Small-for-sized liver transplantation with 30% partial liver allograft was performed by using a b-rejection combination rat model of DA (RT1a) to Lewis (RT1l) rats. The rats were grouped into rAdEasy-A20 treatment group （A20 group）, the control empty Ad vector rAdEasy treatment group (rAdEasy group) and PS control treatment group (PS group). Ex vivo gene transfer in donor liver graft was performed through portal vein infusion. Animals were assessed for survival days, expression of A20 in liver graft, liver graft regeneration, hepatocyte apoptosis, graft rejection, NF-κB activation and ICAM-1 mRNA expression in liver graft sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs), number of liver graft infiltrating mononuclear cells (LIMCs) and the subproportion of NK/NKT cells, and serum IFN-γ level. Results Survival day of A20 group rats was prominently longer than that of PS group rats and rAdEasy group rats (P=0.001 8), whereas survival day of rAdEasy group rats was remarkably shorter than that of PS group rats (P=0.001 8). Regeneration of the small-for-sized liver allograft was markedly augmented by A20, BrdU labelling index of hepatocyte on postoperative day 4 was significantly increased in the A20 group compared with the PS group and rAdEasy group (P＜0.01). Hepatocyte apoptosis on postoperative day 4 was significantly inhibited by A20 (P＜0.01). On postoperative day 4, histologic examination revealed a mild rejection in the A20 group but a more severe rejection in the PS and rAdEasy groups. NF-κB activity and ICAM-1 mRNA expression in LSECs on postoperative day 1 were notably suppressed by A20 overexpression. Flow cytometry analysis showed a marked downregulation of LIMCs number by A20, including more prominent decrease in the subproportion of NK/NKT cells on postoperative day 1 and 4, respectively (P＜0.05). Serum IFN-γ level on postoperative day 4 was also significantly suppressed by A20 overexpression (P＜0.05). Conclusion These data suggest that A20 could effectively promote small-for-sized liver allograft regeneration, suppresses rejection and prolong survival days of recipient rats. These effects of A20 could be related to an inhibition of LSECs activation, suppression of infiltration of LIMCs and the subpopulations such as NK cells and NKT cells into liver graft, and inhibition of hepatocyte apoptosis.